Chemistry: Solutions and Solubility
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These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to solutions and solubility in chemistry.
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15 Terms
Vitamin C
A water-soluble vitamin characterized by its four OH groups, making it highly polar and able to form hydrogen bonds with water.
Vitamin K3
A fat-soluble vitamin that is nonpolar due to its symmetrical molecular structure that cancels the polarity.
Solubility Checklist
A list of criteria to evaluate solubility, including identifying polar/ionic vs. nonpolar regions, hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, symmetry, and applying the principle of 'like dissolves like'.
Aqueous Solutions
The most common type of liquid solutions where water is the solvent.
Miscibility
The ability of two liquids to mix in any proportion to form a solution, such as ethanol and water.
Molarity
The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.
Molality
A concentration measure defined as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Percent by Mass
A concentration measure defined as the mass of solute divided by the total mass of solution, multiplied by 100 percent.
Mole Fraction (X)
The ratio of moles of a component to the total moles of all components in a solution.
Saturated Solution
A solution that contains the maximum concentration of solute possible for a given temperature and pressure.
Unsaturated Solution
A solution that can still dissolve more solute, indicating a concentration less than the solubility limit.
Supersaturated Solution
A nonequilibrium state where the concentration of solute exceeds solubility, leading to potential crystal growth.
Temperature Dependence of Solubility
The general principle that solubility of solids in water typically increases with temperature.
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
An equation that estimates the vapor pressure at different temperatures based on the known vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization.
Solubility Curve
A graph that shows the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at different temperatures.
Flashcards (29)