Chemical tests

Oxygen

Glowing splint into gas - splint re-lights

Hydrogen

Lit splint into a test tube - squeaky pop

Carbon dioxide

Bubble into limewater - goes cloudy

Chlorine

Damp blue litmus - bleaches the litmus paper

Ammonia

Damp red litmus - it turns blue

Alkenes

Bromine water - from orange to colourless

Water

Anhydrous copper sulfate - from white to blue

Lithium

Dip wire loop into conc with hydrochloric acid - red flame

Sodium

Dip wire loop into conc with hydrochloric acid - yellow-orange flame

Potassium

Dip wire loop into conc with hydrochloric acid - lilac flame

Calcium

Dip wire loop into conc with hydrochloric acid - brick red flame

Copper

Dip wire loop into conc with hydrochloric acid - green flame

Iron (II)

Add sodium hydroxide - blue precipitate

Iron (III)

Add sodium hydroxide - orange-brown precipitate

Ammonium

Add sodium hydroxide - damp red litmus will turn blue and ammonia gas is made

Chloride

Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate - white precipitate

Bromide

Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate - cream precipitate

Iodide

Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate - pale yellow precipitate

Sulphate

Dilute hydrochloric acid and then barium chloride - white precipitate

Carbonate

Add some acid - effervescence is seen and gas turns limewater cloudy