Research Format - Intro to Nursing Research

IMRADC

What is the journal format used in the introduction?

Background of the study

It provides a background/scenario which leads to the present investigation. Cites existing literature that requires, supports, or promotes importance of the topic

Statement of the Problem

It states the main goal of the study.

Hypothesis

It is used to test for significant relationship or difference between or among variables

Null hypothesis

A hypothesis that states there is no difference between groups or conditions, or a statement or an idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong.

Theoretical framework

It creates a brief introductory paragraph that leads to the mention of the theory

IDJ

What is the format used in the theoretical framework?

Conceptual framework

It discusses the system of concepts, assumptions, expectations, and beliefs that support the study

title

Conceptual frameworks are concepts found in the?

Scope and limitations

It states the locale of the study, the population from which the respondents/ participants/subjects and data will be selected/collected and the period of the study

Significance of the study

It discusses the relevance and how the paper could best benefit related groups of people in the organization and other sectors of society

hierarchical order

In the significance of the study, the benefactors and stakeholders must be identified in what order?

Definition of terms

It identifies the salient terms in the study. It provides both conceptual and operational definition

Conceptual definition

Definition that is cited from books and existing literature

Operational definition

Definition that is based on how it is used in the study

RRL

It is an extensive survey of empirical and theoretical literature. It provides related concepts and studies and discusses their findings

thematic approach

What approach is used in the RRL?

Research design

It explains what methods have been employed in using this design

Participants

It identifies the population, sample size, and sampling technique.

Good

According to this person, research is a careful, critical, disciplined inquiry varying in technique and method according to the natures and conditions of the problem identified, directed toward the clarification and resolution of the problem.

Aquino

According to this person, research is simply the systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem.

Treece and Treece

According to this person, research in its broadest sense is an attempt to gain solutions to the problem

Improved quality of life

It is the end result of nursing research

It is systematic, empirical, requires courage, done by experts and employs hypothesis

What are the characteristics of a good research?

Descriptive

It describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors

The Medicinal components of five kinds of Philippine backyard plants

Which is an example of a descriptive study?

Exploratory

It is designed to describe an existing problem situation and examine the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problem.

Domestic Violence: Ideas, Experiences, and Needs of Married Working Men in the City of Bacolod

Which is an example of a exploratory study?

Experimental/intervention

It evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the "cause and effect" relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions.

The Effect of Verbal Suggestion on Overt Pain Reaction of Selected Post-Operative Patients.

Which is an example of a experimental study?

Pure/basic

It attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certain patterns of behavior using either or both qualitative research techniques.

offer better descriptions and better explanation of human behavior.

What is the goal of pure/basic research?

accumulate knowledge about a certain phenomenon

What is the intention of pure/basic research?

Applied research

It aims to see an immediate solution to a problem

Qualitative

It emphasizes verbal descriptions and explanations of human behavior and practices

Triangulation

Mixed method; it is a combination of three or more methods to gather data

Quantitative

It seeks to quantify or reflect in numbers the observations on the characteristics of any population being studied.

many answers were not utilized by nurses and many health questions remain unanswered.

What are the limitations of nursing research?

Nursing research

It is a systematic search for knowledge about issues of impotence to the nursing profession

Consumer

A role in nursing research in which it includes those who read research reports only to update themselves

Producer

A role in nursing research in which it includes those who actually do research

Florence nightingale

She started nursing research in 1859. She published notes on nursing which recorded soldiers morbidity and mortality during the Crimean War

cholera

What is the most popular disease during the Crimean war?

Goldmark report

In 1920, it recommended that schools of nursing be independent of hospitals and that students no longer be exploited as cheap labor.

Belmont report

It is a report in 1978 that served as basis for regulations affecting research. It includes principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity and justice

Principle of beneficence

It encompasses the Maxim: Above all do no harm

Freedom from harm

A group of nursing students are conducting a research study on stress levels among hospital staff. They ask participants to answer a long survey during their work shift, which causes them to feel fatigued and disrupts their duties, possibly reducing their pay. Which research ethical principle is being violated in this scenario?

Freedom from exploitation

A nurse is conducting a research study with her patients. Some patients agree to join the study because they believe saying "no" might affect the care they receive from her as their nurse. Which research ethical principle is being violated?

family members

In evaluating the anticipated risk/benefit ratio of a study design, researchers might want to consider how comfortable they would feel if their own _________ were participating in the study

minimal risk

It is the risk anticipated to be no greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during routine physical or psychological tests or procedures

Prospective participants

They have the right to decide voluntarily whether to participate in the study, without risking any penalty or prejudicial treatment

Coercion

It involves explicit or implicit threats of penalty from failing to participate in the study or excessive rewards from agreeing to participate

The right to self-determination

A researcher tells a group of low-income participants that if they join the study, they will receive one sack of rice, but if they refuse, they will not be considered for future health assistance programs. Which research ethical principle is being violated in this scenario?

Stipend

A generous monetary incentive offered to encourage the participation of an economically disadvantaged group (homeless). It might be considered mildly coercive

The right to full disclosure

It encompasses people's right to make informed, voluntary decisions about study participation

Full disclosure

The researcher has fully described the nature of the study, the person's right to refuse participation, the researcher's responsibilities, and likely risks and benefits

Concealment

Covert data collection; the collection of information without the participants knowledge or consent

Deception

Either withholding information from participants or providing false information

Anonymity

The right of privacy can be maintained through?

Informed consent

It provides prospective participants with information needed to make a seasoned decision about participation involving

Consent form

It is used to document voluntary informed participation

Process consent

Informed consent that is continually renegotiated

The right to fair treatment and the right to privacy

It encompasses the principle of justice

The right to self-determination and the right to full disclosure

It encompasses the principle of respect for human dignity

Freedom from harm, freedom from exploitation and benefits from research

It encompasses the principle of beneficence