A Y Jackson PSK4U1 Unit 2 Test

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

a) Protection of internal organs

b) Regulation of body temperature

c) Synthesis of red blood cells

d) Storage of lipids

a) Protection of internal organs

c) Synthesis of red blood cells

looks like Mr. Howland messed this up idk

The axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT

a) Skull

b) Ribs

c) Pelvis

d) Vertebral column

c) Pelvis

What type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

a) Hinge

b) Ball-and-socket

c) Pivot

d) Saddle

b) Ball-and-socket

Which bone is part of the appendicular skeleton?

a) Femur

b) Sternum

c) Spine

d) Rib

a) Femur

The condition characterized by brittle bones due to a decrease in bone density is known as

a) Osteoporosis

b) Osteoarthritis

c) Scoliosis

d) Rheumatoid arthritis

a) Osteoporosis

The primary function of muscle tissue is

a) Circulation of blood

b) Movement of the body

c) Production of insulin

d) Absorption of nutrients

b) Movement of the body

What type of muscle is responsible for involuntary movements in the heart?

a) Skeletal

b) Smooth

c) Cardiac

d) Voluntary

c) Cardiac

Which muscle is involved in the flexion of the forearm?

a) Biceps brachii

b) Trapezius

c) Quadriceps femoris

d) Hamstrings

a) Biceps brachii

Which of the following is true about skeletal muscle contraction?

a) It requires calcium ions to initiate contraction

b) It occurs in the absence of ATP

c) It is an involuntary process

d) It does not involve actin and myosin

a) It requires calcium ions to initiate contraction

Which of the following is a characteristic of slow-twitch muscle fibers?

a) They fatigue quickly

b) They are used for short bursts of strength

c) They are more efficient at using oxygen

d) They contract faster than fast-twitch fibers

c) They are more efficient at using oxygen

The part of the brain responsible for controlling balance and coordination is

a) Cerebrum

b) Cerebellum

c) Medulla oblongata

d) Thalamus

b) Cerebellum

Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

a) Rest and digest

b) Fight or flight

c) Produces hormones for sleep

d) Controls voluntary muscle movement

b) Fight or flight

Which type of neuron carries impulses away from the central nervous system?

a) Sensory neuron

b) Motor neuron

c) Interneuron

d) Bipolar neuron

b) Motor neuron

The myelin sheath on neurons is important because it

a) Increases the speed of electrical impulses

b) Prevents the neuron from transmitting signals

c) Supports cell metabolism

d) Stores neurotransmitters

a) Increases the speed of electrical impulses

Which neurotransmitter is involved in mood regulation and is often linked with depression?

a) Serotonin

b) Dopamine

c) Acetylcholine

d) Glutamate

a) Serotonin

The primary muscle involved in breathing is the

a) Diaphragm

b) Intercostal muscles

c) Rectus abdominis

d) Pectoralis minor

a) Diaphragm

Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?

a) Trachea

b) Bronchi

c) Alveoli

d) Larynx

c) Alveoli

The term for the process of breathing in is

a) Exhalation

b) Inspiration

c) Expiration

d) Ventilation

b) Inspiration

Which of the following diseases is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways?

a) Asthma

b) Pneumonia

c) Tuberculosis

d) Emphysema

a) Asthma

The gas that is exchanged during respiration is

a) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Nitrogen

d) Both a and b

d) Both a and b

The heart's primary function is to

a) Oxygenate blood

b) Circulate hormones

c) Pump blood throughout the body

d) Absorb nutrients from food

c) Pump blood throughout the body

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

a) Pulmonary artery

b) Aorta

c) Jugular vein

d) Pulmonary vein

b) Aorta

The structure responsible for regulating blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle is

a) Aortic valve

b) Tricuspid valve

c) Bicuspid valve

d) Pulmonary valve

b) Tricuspid valve

The term for high blood pressure is

a) Hypertension

b) Hypotension

c) Atherosclerosis

d) Arrhythmia

a) Hypertension

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

a) Carry oxygen

b) Fight infection

c) Aid in clotting

d) Maintain pH balance

c) Aid in clotting

The primary source of energy for the body during intense physical activity is

a) Protein

b) Carbohydrates

c) Fat

d) Oxygen

b) Carbohydrates

Which process produces the most ATP in the body?

a) Glycolysis

b) Fermentation

c) Cellular respiration

d) Photosynthesis

c) Cellular respiration

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate occurs in which part of the cell?

a) Mitochondria

b) Cytoplasm

c) Nucleus

d) Ribosomes

b) Cytoplasm

Which energy system is used for short bursts of high-intensity activity?

a) Anaerobic glycolysis

b) Aerobic respiration

c) Phosphagen system

d) Fatty acid metabolism

c) Phosphagen System

The energy molecule produced during the breakdown of glucose is

a) ATP

b) ADP

c) NADH

d) Glucose

a) ATP

The bone that forms the forehead is called the

a) Maxilla

b) Mandible

c) Frontal bone

d) Zygomatic bone

c) Frontal bone

Which of the following is true about the human rib cage?

a) The first pair of ribs is attached to the sternum via cartilage

b) The ribs are classified as flat bones

c) The rib cage protects the lungs, heart, and other organs

d) The rib cage is part of the appendicular skeleton

a) The first pair of ribs is attached to the sternum via cartilage

b) The ribs are classified as flat bones

c) The rib cage protects the lungs, heart, and other organs

The process of bone formation is known as

a) Osteoporosis

b) Osteogenesis

c) Calcification

d) Osteoclast activity

b) Osteogenesis

Which bone serves as the attachment point for the tongue and is not directly connected to other bones?

a) Mandible

b) Hyoid

c) Sternum

d) Coccyx

b) Hyoid

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilage?

a) It is avascular (lacks blood vessels)

b) It has a smooth, flexible texture

c) It is harder than bone

d) It provides cushioning and support

c) It is harder than bone

In what part of a long bone does hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) occur?

a) Diaphysis

b) Epiphysis

c) Medullary cavity

d) Periosteum

c) Medullary cavity

Which of the following muscles is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?

a) Tibialis anterior

b) Gastrocnemius

c) Rectus femoris

d) Gluteus maximus

b) Gastrocnemius

What happens to a muscle during a concentric contraction?

a) The muscle lengthens

b) The muscle remains the same length

c) The muscle shortens

d) The muscle becomes rigid

c) The muscle shortens

Which of the following is true regarding the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

a) It activates the release of acetylcholine

b) It binds to tropomyosin, allowing actin and myosin to interact

c) It is released from the mitochondria

d) It prevents the formation of cross-bridges

a) It activates the release of acetylcholine

Which of the following describes the role of myosin in muscle contraction?

a) Myosin binds to calcium to initiate contraction

b) Myosin pulls actin filaments to shorten the muscle

c) Myosin is responsible for muscle relaxation

d) Myosin acts as an energy store for the muscle

b) Myosin pulls actin filaments to shorten the muscle

A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle is called

a) Synergist

b) Antagonist

c) Prime mover

d) Fixator

b) Antagonist

Which of the following muscle groups is responsible for extending the leg at the knee?

a) Hamstrings

b) Quadriceps femoris

c) Adductors

d) Gluteus maximus

b) Quadriceps femoris

The outer layer of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions, is called the

a) Cerebellum

b) Thalamus

c) Cerebrum

d) Medulla oblongata

c) Cerebrum

Which of the following is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

a) Control voluntary muscle movements

b) Regulate involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion

c) Transmit sensory information to the brain

d) Process thoughts and emotions

b) Regulate involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

a) Axon

b) Dendrite

c) Myelin sheath

d) Axon terminal

b) Dendrite

Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is true?

a) It is the primary center for emotions

b) It transmits sensory and motor signals between the brain and body

c) It stores memories

d) It only processes voluntary motor signals

b) It transmits sensory and motor signals between the brain and body

The part of the brain involved in regulating sleep and wake cycles is the

a) Pineal gland

b) Hypothalamus

c) Medulla oblongata

d) Hippocampus

b) Hypothalamus

Which of the following is an example of a reflex arc?

a) Touching a hot surface and quickly withdrawing your hand

b) Moving your eyes to focus on an object

c) Tasting food

d) Deciding to move your arm

a) Touching a hot surface and quickly withdrawing your hand

Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?

a) To regulate body temperature

b) To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

c) To circulate blood throughout the body

d) To produce hormones

b) To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which of the following is a characteristic of emphysema?

a) Inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterial infection

b) Destruction of the alveolar walls leading to difficulty in gas exchange

c) Overproduction of mucus in the airways

d) Spasms in the bronchial tubes during exhalation

b) Destruction of the alveolar walls leading to difficulty in gas exchange

The primary role of hemoglobin in the blood is to

a) Carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

b) Help in the digestion of food

c) Protect against infections

d) Regulate pH levels in the blood

a) Carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

Which of the following structures is responsible for controlling the passage of air into the lungs?

a) Epiglottis

b) Alveoli

c) Trachea

d) Larynx

c) Trachea

What happens during expiration?

a) The diaphragm contracts, and air is drawn into the lungs

b) The diaphragm relaxes, and air is pushed out of the lungs

c) Oxygen is absorbed into the blood

d) The intercostal muscles contract, increasing lung volume

b) The diaphragm relaxes, and air is pushed out of the lungs

The exchange of gases between the blood and the body's cells occurs in the

a) Alveoli

b) Bronchioles

c) Trachea

d) Capillaries

d) Capillaries

The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body is the

a) Pulmonary artery

b) Aorta

c) Superior vena cava

d) Pulmonary vein

b) Aorta

yes, this is the same question as 22 with 1 different option. I hope howland sleeps better than me

The function of the coronary arteries is to

a) Transport blood to the lungs for oxygenation

b) Carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

c) Drain deoxygenated blood from the heart

d) Facilitate the exchange of gases in the lungs

b) Carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

Which of the following is true about the atrioventricular (AV) node?

a) It generates the electrical impulse that stimulates the heart to beat

b) It delays the electrical signal to allow the ventricles to fill with blood

c) It is located in the left ventricle

d) It receives electrical impulses from the brain

b) It delays the electrical signal to allow the ventricles to fill with blood

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?

a) Regular physical activity

b) High blood pressure

c) Low-fat diet

d) Adequate sleep

b) High blood pressure

The term for the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is

a) Heart rate

b) Stroke volume

c) Cardiac output

d) Blood pressure

c) Cardiac output

Which of the following statements about veins is true?

a) They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

b) They have thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure

c) They contain valves that prevent backflow of blood

d) They do not carry blood to the heart

c) They contain valves that prevent backflow of blood

The process of converting glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen is called

a) Aerobic respiration

b) Anaerobic glycolysis

c) Krebs cycle

d) Fatty acid oxidation

b) Anaerobic glycolysis

The energy used for high-intensity, short-duration activities is primarily derived from

a) Fat

b) Glycogen stored in muscles

c) Protein

d) ATP stored in muscles

b) Glycogen stored in muscles

The process of converting food into energy occurs in the

a) Mitochondria

b) Nucleus

c) Ribosomes

d) Cytoplasm

a) Mitochondria

Which of the following is the main energy system used during a marathon race?

a) Phosphagen system

b) Anaerobic glycolysis

c) Aerobic respiration

d) Creatine phosphate system

c) Aerobic respiration

The body's ability to use fat as a primary energy source is improved with

a) Increased carbohydrate intake

b) Enhanced aerobic fitness

c) Short bursts of anaerobic activity

d) High-protein diets

b) Enhanced aerobic fitness

Which of the following best describes the relationship between aerobic and anaerobic energy systems during exercise?

a) Aerobic systems are used during low-intensity activities, and anaerobic systems are used for short, intense bursts

b) Both systems work independently with no overlap

a) Aerobic systems are used during low-intensity activities, and anaerobic systems are used for short, intense bursts

Which of the following is the function of the medullary cavity in long bones?

a) Stores minerals

b) Produces red and white blood cells

c) Absorbs shock during movement

d) Provides structural support to the bone

b) Produces red and white blood cells

What type of joint is found at the elbow, allowing for flexion and extension?

a) Ball-and-socket

b) Hinge

c) Pivot

d) Saddle

b) Hinge

Which of the following bone structures provides attachment for muscles and tendons?

a) Epiphyseal plate

b) Condyle

c) Foramen

d) Tuberosity

b) Condyle

d) Tuberosity

another weird question. maybe we should ask

Osteoclasts are responsible for

a) Bone formation

b) Bone resorption

c) Collagen synthesis

d) Calcium storage

b) Bone resorption

The epiphyseal plate is found in

a) Adult bones

b) Child and adolescent bones

c) The vertebrae only

d) All bones

b) Child and adolescent bones

What is the main structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

a) Compact bone is lighter than spongy bone

b) Spongy bone contains trabeculae, compact bone does not

c) Compact bone is more flexible than spongy bone

d) Spongy bone is more dense than compact bone

b) Spongy bone contains trabeculae, compact bone does not

Which of the following is true about the energy source used by muscles during short bursts of activity?

a) Fatty acids are the primary energy source

b) Muscles rely on stored ATP and creatine phosphate for quick energy

c) Muscles primarily use glycogen for energy

d) Oxygen is essential for energy production during short bursts

b) Muscles rely on stored ATP and creatine phosphate for quick energy

What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens under tension?

a) Concentric contraction

b) Isometric contraction

c) Eccentric contraction

d) Isotonic contraction

c) Eccentric contraction

The following questions are from the matching section. To make them usable as flashcards, I have converted them into simple term/definition cards with the full list of options first. If you would like to do the matching problems as intended, refer to Mr. Howland's original test bank.

hello mr howland if you're reading this

Match the bone type to its description

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Long bone

Flat bone

Irregular bone

These are NOT the answers, but the options

a) Bone found in the arms and legs

b) Thin and broad bones, such as the skull and ribs

c) Dense, hard bone tissue

d) Found in vertebrae and facial bones

e) Bone with a honeycomb-like structure

Compact bone

Dense, hard bone tissue

Spongy bone

Bone with a honeycomb-like structure

Long bone

Bone found in the arms and legs

Flat bone

Thin and broad bones, such as the skull and ribs

Irregular bone

Found in vertebrae and facial bones

Match the muscle type to its characteristic

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

These are NOT the answers, but the options

a) Found in the walls of blood vessels

b) Involuntary and striated

c) Voluntary and striated

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary and striated

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary and striated

Smooth muscle

Found in the walls of blood vessels

Match the structure to its function

Axon

Dendrite

Synapse

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata

These are NOT the answers, but the options

a) Conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron

b) Transmits signals between neurons

c) Coordinates balance and motor control

d) Controls basic life functions like breathing and heart rate

e) Receives signals from other neurons

Axon

a) Conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron

Dendrite

e) Receives signals from other neurons

Synapse

b) Transmits signals between neurons

Cerebellum

c) Coordinates balance and motor control

Medulla oblongata

d) Controls basic life functions like breathing and heart rate

Match the respiratory structure to its function:

Alveoli

Bronchi

Trachea

Diaphragm

Nasal cavity

These are NOT the answers, but the options

a) Transports air to the lungs

b) Major muscle for inhalation

c) Moistens and filters incoming air

d) Site of gas exchange

e) Airways that lead to the lungs

Alveoli

d) Site of gas exchange

Bronchi

e) Airways that lead to the lungs

Trachea

a) Transports air to the lungs

Diaphragm

b) Major muscle for inhalation

Nasal cavity

c) Moistens and filters incoming air

Match the term to its description

Veins

Arteries

Capillaries

Aorta

Right atrium

These are NOT the answers, but the options

a) Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

b) Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

c) Smallest blood vessels, where nutrient and gas exchange occurs

d) Largest artery in the body

e) Collects blood from the body and sends it to the right ventricle

Veins

b) Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Arteries

a) Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart