glial cell pathologies

role of astrocytes

• structural

• metabolic sensing

• repair and modulation of synaptic transmission

reactive astrocytes

• hypertrophy

• proliferation

• neuroprotection

• takes place in traumatic brain injury and stroke

atrophy and functional asthenia of astrocytes seen in what disorders and diseases

• alzheimers disease,

• huntingtons

• schizophrenia

• major depressive disorder

nurture state of microglia

• highly ramified and evenly spaced throughout the brain

• maintain milieu homeostasis

• remove apoptotic neurons

sentinel microglia

• abundant processes and in motion

• surveillance and sensing role

warrior state of microglia

• stocky and less ramified

• defence against infectious pathogens and injurious self proteins

3 functional states of microglia

• nurture

• sentinel

• warrior

which proteins act as disease stimuli for sentinel glial ells

• tau (dementia)

• htt (huntingtons)

effect of protein stimuli on sentinel glial cells

• cause dysregulation of microglial host defence functions

• leads to exaggerated proinflammatory response, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration

effect of loss of myelin from degeneration of oligodendrocytes in MS

• impairment of axonal conductance

• nerve damage

symptoms of MS

• limb muscle weakness

• tremors

• vision problems

• fatigue

• dizziness