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Trade unions banned, confidence of the economic elite improved
1924
‘Battle for Grain’ began
1925
‘Corporate state’ began
1926
The Italian economy was comprised almost entirely of 22 corporations
By 1934
The economy began to weaken due to the overvaluation of the Lira
1927-1929
Italian unemployment less than 500,000
1928
Italy first affected by the Great Depression, car production fell by 50%
1929
Unemployment was 2 million
By 1933
Italian economy was more prosperous than it was in 1922
1939
Mussolini expressed contempt for what he called the ‘bourgeois mentality’
By the 1930s
The Dopolavoro was set up to provide leisure activities which would also promote Fascism
1925
Dopolavoro membership was 300,000
1926
Dopolavoro membership was 2.4 million
1935
The Fascist salute was made compulsory
1937
Bottai’s School Charter
1939
Mussolini restored Catholic education in schools and increased government payments to priests
1922
The Pope withdrew his support of the Popolari
1923
Lateran Agreements
1929
Senior clergy did not approve of Italian involvement in the Spanish Civil War and Invasion of Abyssinia
Mid to late 1930s
Pope Pius XI openly disapproved anti-jewish laws
Late 1930s
Alliance between the Catholic Church and Fascists ended
By 1939
Mussolini published the anti-Semitic ‘Manifesto of Racial Scientists’
July 1938
Jews were excluded from the membership of the Fascist Party
October 1938
Jews were forbidden to marry non-Jews
November 1938
A law was passed making Prefects responsible for censorship
1923
The last opposition newspapers were suppressed and editors were warned they would be arrested for expressing opposition to Fascism
By 1926
Film and newsreels became major propaganda tools
From 1924
Mussolini’s Press Office became a Ministry
1935
Ministry responsible for propaganda was called the Ministry of Popular Culture
1937
Mussolini held an exhibition to celebrate the 2000th anniversary of Augustus’ birth, 1 million people attended
1937
Launch of the ‘Battle for Births’
1927
The birth rate declined despite the ‘Battle for Births’
Until 1936
Women made up 33% of the industrial workforce
1936
The government raised 230 million Lira by taxing bachelors
By 1939
Jobs and promotions in the civil service were only available to married men with children
By the 1930s
The quota system was introduced in the public sector, limiting women to 10% of the workforce
1933
Women still made up 33% of the workforce, only 3 points lower than in 1921
1936
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