Earth Science Chapter 2 Test

Meteorology

the study of the atmosphere with emphasis of weather forecasting

Meteorologist

Experts who study the atmosphere, mostly weather

Weather

the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place

Climate

the long term/average weather conditions of a region

Observation

information acquired by using your 5 senses 

Inference

conclusions drawn based on observation and prior knowledge

Hypothesis

a proposed explanation or interpretation that is testable through further explanation

Theory

a single unified explanation for a wide variety of observation

Beaufort Scale

a scale ranging from 0-12 that allows and individual to estimate the current wind speeds of land and at sea

Windchill

the cooling affect of the wind

Thermometer

measures temperature

Barometer

Air Pressure

Hygrometer

humidity

Sling Psycrometerr

relative humidity and dewpoint

Wind vane

determines wind direction

Anemometer

measures wind speeds

Rain Gauge

measures the amount and the rate of rain fall

Snow Gauge

measures height and rate of snowfall

Sonde

the instruments attached to a weather ballon

Atmosphere

The blanket of gasses surrounding earth

First layer of the atmosphere

Troposphere

Boundary between the troposphere and the Stratosphere

Tropopause

2nd layer of the atmosphere

Stratosphere

Boundary between the Stratosphere and Mesophere

Stratopause

What layer of the atmosphere has the highest concentration of the gas O³

Ozone Layer

What layer of the atmosphere does the Ozone layer lie in

Stratosphere

How does the ozone layer benefit us

Protects life on earth from dangerous UV rays

3rd layer of the atmosphere

Mesophere

Boundary between the Mesosphere and the Thermosphere

Mesopause

4th layer of the atmosphere

Thermosphere

5th and final layer of the atmosphere

Exosphere

Boundary between the Thermosphere and the Exosphere

there is none

Tempurature trend in the troposphere

downwards

Why does the Troposphere have a downward tempurature trend

Because it gets farther away from the Earth which is its heat source

Tempurature trend of the Stratosphere

upwards

Why does the temperature go up in the Stratosphere

Because of the Ozone gas 

What is the temperature trend of the Mesosphere

downwards

Temperature trend of the Thermosphere

Upwards

Why is the Thermosphere hotter

because it absorbs UV rays

Temperature trend of the exosphere

Upwards

What layer of the atmosphere is the Ozone layer in

stratosphere

The process where light bounces off the Earth and gets trapped in the atmosphere

Greenhouse Effect

Isolation

Heat from the Sun to Earth

Angle of Isolation

The angle at which the suns rays strike the Earth surface

Why do the earths poles get less isolation

because of its higher angle of isolation

ODS

Ozone Depleting Substances

Climate Change

The long term shift in overall weather conditions in a region

Primary cause of increased ODS

Fossil fuels

UV

Ultra Violet light

IR

infrared

What kind of wavelengths do UV rays have

short wavelenght

What kind of wavelenghts do IR rays have

long wavelenghts

Why are ODS bad

They stop Ozone reformation 

Why do we need the Ozone layer

to protect us from UV-B rays

The two types of UV rays

UV-A and UV-B

Global Warming

The long term increase in average global tempuratures

Radiation

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves without the need for a medium

Conduction

the transfer of heat by contact

Convection

the vertical transfer of heat by current

Advection

the horizontal transfer of heat by wind

Albedo

the reflectiveness of a surface

Albedo

the reflectiveness of a surface

Solids have

definite shape and volume

Liquids have 

non definite shape and definite volume

Gasses have 

non definite shape or volume

What state of matter has the greatest kinetic energy

Gas

Which state of matter has the least kinetic energy

Solid

Melting

Solid to Liquid

Freezing

Liquid to Solid

Evaporation

Liquid to Gas