Pathophysiology Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering various disease pathophysiology.

In stable angina, myocardial ischaemia results as cells switch to __ metabolism.

anaerobic

In unstable angina, __ adhere to the damaged vessel, initiating the coagulation cascade.

platelets

In COPD, repeated injury to the bronchiole tree leads to increased destruction of lung __ involved in gas exchange.

parenchyma

Postpartum Haemorrhage is defined as >__ mL blood loss up to 24 hours post partum.

500

Cushing’s Reflex includes vasodilation of cerebral blood vessels, decrease in heart rate and __.

systemic hypertension

In ischaemic stroke, impairment of blood supply occurs to __ areas.

distal

Burn injury leads to systemic inflammatory response, electrolyte imbalances and __

microvascular changes / tissue damage

In asthma, re-exposure to allergen leads to mast cells __ releasing inflammatory mediators.

degranulate

In anaphylaxis, re-exposure to allergen cross links the IgE on __ and basophils.

mast cells

In pulmonary embolism, embolism causes increased pulmonary artery __.

resistance

Sepsis can lead to organ __ due to a dysregulated host response.

dysfunction

Autonomic Dysreflexia is defined as a dysregulation between sympathetic and __ nervous system responses.

parasympathetic

Hypovolaemic shock is caused by decreased intravascular volume, leading to decreased venous return to heart, decreased cardiac output, and decreased __.

perfusion of tissues

Distributive shock results in vasodilation and increased vessel __.

permeability

Cardiogenic shock is caused by decreased cardiac function leading to decreased __.

stroke volume

Obstructive shock is due to mechanical __ of blood flow through central circulation.

obstruction

Compensatory mechanisms include activation of sympathetic nervous system response and activation of __.

Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System