silver nitrate test for halide ions

Halogen —> Halide

Halogen atoms are reduced to form halide ions

test for halide ions = SILVER NITRATE

silver FLUORIDE

silver CHLORIDE

silver BROMIDE

silver IODIDE

Silver chloride

white precipitate

silver bromide

cream precipitate

silver iodide

yellow precipitate

test for halide ions

1) Add HNO3 → this removes impurities especially carbonate ions which would form the white precipitate of AgCO3

2) Add a few drops of silver nitrate to solution

3) Shake and observe precipitate

NaF(aq) + AgNO3(l) —> AgF(aq) + NaNO3(aq)

F- + Ag(+) —> AgF

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(l) —> AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Cl- + Ag(+) —> AgCl

NaBr(aq) + AgNO3(l) —> AgBr(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Br- + Ag(+) —> AgBr

NaI(aq) + AgNO3(l) —> AgI(s) + NaNO3(aq)

I- + Ag+ —> AgI

silver chloride add dilute NH3

dissolves

silver bromide add conc. NH3

dissolves

silver iodide

does not dissolve anything

reaction with ammonia

AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) —> [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

reaction with ammonia

AgBr(s) + 2NH3(aq) —> [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Br-(aq)

pure silver halide - preparing a sample

HNO3 = remove impurities such as carbonates can be removed

AgNO3 = add drops of silver nitrate to form silver halides

NH3 = dilute or concentrated ammonia can be used to dissolve unwanted silver halide

Filtration = solid can be filtered out of the solution

drying = a filtered solid can be placed in a desiccator or a warm place to dry