Windows Server Operating System

Operating System (OS)

System software managing hardware and software resources.

User

Individual interacting with the operating system.

Application

Software designed for specific tasks and execution.

Kernel

Core part of OS managing memory and processes.

Hardware

Physical components of a computer system.

User Interface (UI)

Interface allowing user interaction with the OS.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Visual interface for user interaction with applications.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Text-based interface for executing commands.

Application Programming Interface (API)

Set of protocols for building software applications.

Device Drivers

Programs enabling OS to communicate with hardware.

Services

Programs assisting the OS in performing tasks.

Server

Computer providing functionality to other devices (clients).

Client

Software making requests to a server.

Server Operating System

OS designed to provide services to clients.

Desktop Operating System

OS designed for personal computer use.

Print Manager

Service managing print jobs in an OS.

DNS

Service translating domain names to IP addresses.

DHCP

Service assigning IP addresses to devices dynamically.

IIS

Internet Information Services for hosting web applications.

Active Directory

Service for managing user authentication and permissions.

Email (Exchange)

Service for managing email communications.

Miscellaneous Services

Additional services extending OS functionality.

Windows Server

Platform for connected applications and networks.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IP address assignment.

DNS

Domain Name System for translating domain names.

Email (Exchange)

Microsoft's email server for collaboration.

Authentication

Verifying user identities in a network.

Active Directory

Directory service for managing users and resources.

API

Application Programming Interface for software interaction.

Kernel

Core component managing system resources.

Device Drivers

Software allowing OS to communicate with hardware.

Server Operating System

OS designed for managing server resources.

BIOS

Basic Input/Output System for hardware initialization.

UEFI

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, modern BIOS replacement.

POST

Power On Self Test, checks hardware on startup.

Master Boot Record (MBR)

Data that tells a computer which partition to boot from, usually C:partition

Bootstrap

Initial code to load operating system.

NTLDR

NT Loader, starts Windows operating system.

Kernel Initialization

Process of preparing the kernel for operation.

Device Drivers Loading

Part of bootstrap process, Loading drivers based on detected hardware.

Windows GUI

Graphical User Interface for user interaction.

Microsoft SQL Server

Database management system by Microsoft.

Windows Evolution

Transition from MS-DOS to Windows NT.

Control Panel

Central interface for managing system settings.

Computer Management

Tool for managing local and remote computers.

Microsoft Management Console

Customizable interface for management tools.

System Configuration

Used for troubleshooting and startup behavior.

Device Manager

Manages hardware devices and drivers.

Event Viewer

Logs application and system messages.

Disk Management

Tool for managing disk partitions and formats.

Server Management

Manage roles and features on a server.

Roles

Specific functions assigned to server software.

Features

Additional functionalities provided by server roles.

Active Directory

Manages resources and security in networks.

DHCP

Assigns IP addresses and network configurations.

DNS

Translates domain names to IP addresses.

Hyper-V

Runs virtual machines on Windows servers.

Web Server (IIS)

Hosts static and dynamic websites.

WDS

Server software for hosting and sharing Windows installation files. Allows for mass deployment of Windows desktop OS

WSUS

Server software for downloading and sharing various Windows updates. Saves bandwidth by downloading updates from Internet only once

Command Prompt

Legacy CLI for executing commands.

PowerShell

Modern CLI with scripting capabilities.

Get-Service

Displays all running services on a computer.

Get-Process

Shows all processes running on a computer.

Get-ADDomain

Displays basic Active Directory domain information.

Get-MailboxFolderPermission

Shows permissions for specific mailbox calendars.