DHO Health Science: Anatomy and Physiology - Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

What are body planes?

Imaginary lines drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections

What are imaginary lines drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections?

Body planes

What are the main body planes?

Transverse, midsagittal, and frontal

What medical term consists of the categories transverse, midsagittal, and frontal?

Body planes

What is the transverse plane?

A horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and a bottom half

Which plane divides the body into a top half and a bottom half?

The transverse plane

What does superior mean in terms of direction?

Body parts above other parts

What does it mean when a body part is superior to another body part?

It is above the other body part

What is the term that describes body parts that are above other parts?

Superior

What does inferior mean in terms of direction?

Body parts are below other parts

What does it mean when a body part is inferior to another body part?

It is below the other body part

What is the term that describes body parts that are below other parts?

Inferior

What does cranial mean in terms of direction?

Body parts located near the head

What is the term to describe body parts located near the head?

Cranial

What does caudal mean in terms of direction?

Body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (tail)

What is the term that describes body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column?

Caudal

What is the sacral region of the spinal column also known as?

The tail

What is the median plane?

The plane that divides the body into right and left sides

What is the plane that divides the body into right and left sides?

The median plane

What is the midsagittal plane?

The plane that divides the body into equal right and left sides

What is the plane that divides the body into equal right and left sides?

The midsagittal plane

What does medial mean in terms of direction?

Towards to the midline

What does it mean when a body part is medial to another body part?

It is closer to the midline

What is the term used to describe body parts close to the midline?

Medial

What does lateral mean in terms of direction?

Away from the midline

What does it mean when a body part is lateral to another body part?

It is farther away from the midline

What is the term used to describe body parts far from the midline?

Lateral

What is the frontal plane?

The plane that divides the body into a front section and a back section

What is the coronal plane?

The plane that divides the body into a front section and a back section

What is the frontal plane also known as?

The coronal plane

What is the coronal plane also known as?

The frontal plane

Which body plane divides the body into a front section and a back section?

The frontal/coronal plane

What does anterior mean in terms of direction?

In front of the frontal plane or to the front of the body

What does ventral mean in terms of direction?

In front of the frontal plane or to the front of the body

What is ventral also known as in terms of direction?

Anterior

What is anterior also known as in terms of direction?

Ventral

What does it mean when a body part is ventral to another body part?

It is in front of it.

What does it mean when a body part is anterior to another body part?

It is in front of it

What is the term used to describe body parts in front of the frontal plane or to the front of the body?

Ventral/anterior

What is dorsal also known as in terms of direction?

Posterior

What does dorsal mean?

Towards the back of the body

What is posterior also known as in terms of direction?

Dorsal

What does posterior mean?

Towards the back of the body

What does it mean when a body part is dorsal to another body part?

It is behind it

What does it mean when a body part is posterior to another body part?

It is behind it

What is the term used to describe body parts on the back of the body?

Dorsal/posterior

What are proximal and distal used to describe?

The location of the extremities in relation to the main trunk of the body

Which two directional terms describe the location of the extremities in relation to the main trunk of the body?

Proximal and distal

What does proximal mean?

Close to the point of reference

What does it mean when a body part is proximal to another body part?

It is closer to the point of reference

What is the term used to describe body parts closer to the point of reference?

Proximal

What does distal mean?

Distant from the point of reference

What does it mean when a body part is distal to another body part?

It is farther away from the point of reference

What is the term used to describe body parts farther away from the point of reference?

Distal

What are body cavities?

Spaces within the body that contain vital organs

What is the term for spaces within the body that contain vital organs?

Body cavities

What are the two main cavities?

The dorsal/posterior cavity and the ventral/anterior cavity

What is the dorsal cavity?

One, long continuous cavity located on the back of the body

What is the long continuous cavity located on the back of the body?

The dorsal cavity

What is the dorsal cavity split into?

The cranial and spinal cavities

What does the cranial cavity contain?

The brain

What does the spinal cavity contain?

The spinal cord

Which body cavity is split into the cranial and spinal cavities?

The dorsal cavity

Which body cavity contains the brain?

The cranial cavity

Which body cavity contains the spine?

The spinal cavity

Which is larger, the ventral or dorsal cavity?

Ventral

What are the ventral cavities?

The thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities.

What is the ventral cavity separated by?

The diaphragm

What is the diaphragm important for?

Respiration

Where is the thoracic cavity located?

The chest

Which body cavity is located in the chest?

The thoracic cavity

Which body cavity is separated by the diaphragm?

The ventral cavity

Which body cavity consists of the thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities?

The ventral cavity

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

\-Esophagus

\-Trachea

\-Bronchi

\-Lungs

\-Heart

\-Large blood vessels

What is the abdominal cavity divided into?

The upper abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.

What does the upper abdominal cavity contain?

\-Stomach

\-Small intestine

\-Most of the large intestine

-Appendix

\-Liver

\-Gallbladder

\-Pancreas

\-Spleen

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

\-Urinary bladder

\-Reproductive organs

\-The last part of the large intestine

What is retroperitoneal space?

The space behind the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity.

What does the retroperitoneal space contain?

The kidneys and adrenal glands

What is the function of the orbital cavity?

To contain the eyes.

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

To contain nose structures

What is the function of the buccal cavity?

To contain the teeth and tongue

What is the buccal cavity also known as?

The mouth

What is the mouth also known as?

The buccal cavity

what is the abdominal cavity divided into?

Abdominal regions

What does RUQ stand for?

Right upper quadrant

What does LUQ stand for?

Left upper quadrant

What does RLQ stand for?

Right lower quadrant

What does LLQ stand for?

Left lower quadrant

What is another name for the hypogastric region of the abdomen?

The pelvic region

What is another name for the pelvic region of the abdomen?

The hypogastric region

What are the upper three abdominal regions?

The right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac regions.

What are the middle three abdominal regions (horizontally)?

The right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar regions.

What are the lower three abdominal regions?

The right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac regions.

What are the left abdominal regions?

The left hypochondriac, left lumbar, and left iliac region.

What are the middle three abdominal regions (vertically)?

The epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions.

What are the right three abdominal regions?

The right hypochondriac, right lumbar, and right iliac regions.

What does hypochondriac mean?

Below the ribs.

What does lumbar mean?

Near the large bones of the spinal cord.

What is the term used to describe a body part below the ribs?

Hypochondriac