W1 pre: Animal diversity and phylogeny

How many animal phyla does Peter Holland’s book “the animal kingdom” recognise?

33

List 8 important animal phyla

• Cnidaria

• Annelida

• Mollusca

• Arthropoda

• Nematoda

• Echinodermata

• Hemichordata

• Chordata

List 3 ways to identify Annelida

• worm like body with bilateral symmetry

• segmented body divided into metameres

• closed circulatory system

Give 2 examples of Annelida

earthworms and leeches

List 3 ways to identify Mollusca

• single muscular foot used for locomotion

• mantle - soft tissue covers the body, secreting a shell in many species

• radula - toothed, ribbon like organ found in the mouths of most molluscs

Give two examples of Mollusca

gastropods and molluscs

List 2 ways to identify Arthopoda

• jointed appendages (legs and antennae)

• hard exoskeleton

Give two examples of Arthropoda

insects and crabs

What are Nematoda?

microscopic like organisms

Give two examples of Nematoda

• human pinworm

• threadworm

List 3 ways to identify Echinodermata

• marine animal with radial symmetry

• water vascular system for locomotion, feeding and anchoring

• spiny skin

Give 2 examples of echinodermata

starfish and sea urchins

List 3 ways to identify Hemichordata

• worm like marine animal

• body divided into proboscis, collar, and trunk

• open circulation (pharangeal gill slits)

Give two examples of Hemichordata

balanoglossus and graptolite

List 3 things that established phylogenetic relationships were determined by

• comparative embryology

• comparative morphology

• molecular phylogenetics

State the 2 types of developments that characterise two major clades of bilaterium animals

• protostome

• deutrostome

List 3 structures that all chordata have

• a notochord

• a hollow dorsal nerve cord

• endostyle or thyroid gland (containing iondine proteins)

What are protostomes?

single celled microscopic animal

What can protostomes be split into?

lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa

List two phyla under lophotrochozoa

annelida and mollusca

List two phyla under ecdysozoa

arthropods and nematoda