Social 20: Unit 1: Nationalism and Identity

Alienation

The experience of feeling left out or being on the outside. People who choose one strong loyalty over another risk this.

Contending Loyalties

Loyalties that compete.

Civic Nation

A nation created by people — no matter what their ethnicity, culture, and language — who agree to live according to particular values and beliefs expressed as the rule of law.

Collective Consiousness

An internal consciousness, or awareness, shared by many people. It may be based on a shared memory of and pride in specific events which

become myths and symbols of belonging.

Ethnic Nationalism

Nationalism that is founded on shared ethnicity, culture, and language.

Federalists

People who support a federal system of government. In Canada, people who oppose Québec sovereignty and believe that Québec should remain a Canadian province.

Nation State

A country that has physical borders and a single government. They may also be based on ethnic nationalism or civic nationalism or a combination of the two.

Non-Nationalist Loyalty

A loyalty that is not embedded in the idea of nation. People may be loyal to and identify with family, friends, a region, an idea, a collective or a

group, a way of life, and a culture.

Reconciliation

An act of resolving differences and repairing relationships that enables people to come to terms with past injustices and to coexist in peace.

Patriotism

Love of country and an interest in its well- being. A sense of loyalty that may be expressed in various ways.

Segregation

The forced separation of racial groups. (Extreme loyalty to one racial group can lead to separate schools and living areas for racial minorities and eventually to ultranationalism and persecution of those minorities.)

Soveriegnists/ Separatists

In Canada, people who support the idea of Québec's becoming an independent nation-state that can control its own destiny.

Sovereignty

The political authority to control one's own affairs. Sovereignty may be distinguished from, and can sometimes conflict with, self-determination, which is a people's right to control their own affairs.

Linguistic Nation

A nation based on a shared language. (When a single language is spoken by a great number of people, it can create a sense of belonging so powerful it inspires a sense of nation.)

Ethnic Nation

A nation based on shared ancestry/ heritage or racial, linguistic, and cultural characteristics.

Cultural Nation

A nation based on a shared way of life, separate from ethnic.

Geographic Nation

A nation created by isolation from other groups due to geographic barriers such as mountains, oceans or deserts.

Religious Nation

A nation based on a shared religion.

Spiritual Nation

A nation based on spiritual ties.

Political Nation

A nation based on the desire for self determination, meaning the ability to make decisions for themselves.

National Affiliation

Connection to nation.

National Myth

A story or stereotype that helps to unite a group of people.

National Identity

An identity that is shared by a unified group of people.

Nation

A group of people unified by a shared state of mind or shared characteristics such as beliefs, language, religion, traditions, cultures, and customs.

Salons

Places where writers, artists, philosophers, and others gathered to question the established order and to discuss ideas such as liberty, happiness, religion, freedom and individual rights during the Enlightenment.

The First Estate

The clergy in France prior to the French Revolution. Some members had a lot of political power while others did not, however all of them had religious power as they were representatives of the Church.

The Second Estate

The ruling class in France prior to the French Revolution. Had a lot of power and included the nobility such as the King and Queen.

The Third Estate

The common or peasant class in France prior to the French Revolution. Did not have a lot of power and included the bourgeoisie.

National Loyalty

Commitment (for example, political, cultural, linguistic, geographical, or spiritual) to the nation to which you belong

Cultural Plurarlism

A belief or doctrine that holds that collectives should be encouraged to affirm and promote their unique cultural identity in a diverse society.

Reasonable Accommodation

A legal and constitutional concept that requires Canadian public institutions to adapt to the religious and cultural practices of minorities as long as these practices do not violate constitutional rights and freedoms.

Ideological Loyalty

Loyalty/ commitment to a system of ideas and ideals, especially concerning economic or political theory and policy.

Religious Loyalty

Loyalty/ commitment to the beliefs and practices of a religion.

Regional Loyalty

Loyalty/ commitment to a defined area

Class Loyalty

Loyalty/ commitment to your socioeconomic class.

Political Loyalty

Loyalty/ commitment to, identification with, a political cause or a political community, its institutions, basic laws, major political ideas, and general policy objectives.

Cultural Loyalty

Loyalty/ commitment to a culture/ way of life.

Equalization Payments

Revenues from federal taxes that are paid by the Canadian government to less prosperous provinces to ensure that public services are more or less equally available to all Canadians.

The Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

The Oka Crisis

A tense conflict between the Mohawk people of Kanesetake, near Oka, Quebec, the town of Oka, the province of Quebec and the Canadian army. It started when the town approved expansion of a golf course onto their sacred land. The army was sent in to forcefully remove barricades. While the golf course expansion was eventuially cancelled, and the land purchased by the federal government, it has not yet been transferred to the Kanesatake community.

The FLQ (Front de Liberation du Quebec)

A Canadian separatist group founded in the 1960's and based primarily in Montreal. Used violence if necessary. Committed acts of terrorism.

The October Crisis

Members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnapped the provincial Deputy Premier Pierre Laporte and British diplomat James Cross. In response, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invoked the only peacetime use of the War Measures Act. The kidnappers murdered Laporte and negotiations led to Cross's release and the kidnappers' exile to Cuba.

The Niqab Debate

The divisive debate that began during the 2015 federal election and continues. The issue arose when the Stephen Harper government announced in 2011 that it would prohibit new Canadians from taking their citizenship oath while wearing the face-covering niqab veil. This regulation was challenged in court by Zunera Ishaq, who refused to removed her niqab to take the oath. The Federal Court ruled in September, 2015 that the rule violated the Citizenship Act. In the midst of the election, Harper announced that his government would appeal the ruling to the Supreme Court and set off a national debate on the matter.

The Bastille

A fortress in Paris used as a prison; the French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789.

Historical Factors

Historical events or people that created a fundamental change in society. (Example: The storming of the Bastille.)

Social Factors

Social structures, societal norms, new ideas and beliefs that create a change in society. (Ie. The ideas of the Enlightenment.)

Economic Factors

Economic conditions that create a change in society. (Ie. An unfair model for taxation.)

Political Factors

Government decisions, legal documents like the Constitution, and changes in the political system that create change in society. (Ie. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.)

Geographic Factors

The effect of weather, physical or human geography, or natural resources on society.