Chp14: Children & Adolescents disorders

ADHD; Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

Neurodevelopment disorder—persistent pattern of inattention/ hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development

DSM5 Criteria ADHD

6> symptoms/ months; Inattention (not focusing on details/ listening) & hyperactivity (fidgets, talk excessively. interrupts. Onset before age 12 & symptoms resent in 2 or more settings.

Predominantly inattentive (ADHD)

Significant difficulties with attention, organization and task completion. Doesn’t meet hyperactivity threshold.

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive (ADHD)

Prominent fidgeting, restlessness, talking excessively but inattention doesn’t meet threshold

ASD; Autism Spectrum Disorder

Developmental disorder persistent deficits in social communication & restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior

DSM5 Criteria ASD

Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, trouble developing/ maintaining relationships. Restricted & repetitive behaviors; Insistence on sameness, Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input, Highly restricted interests.

ODD; Oppositional Defiant disorder

A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness, lasting at ≥6 months

DSM5 Criteria ODD

4 symptoms; Irritable, Argumentative, Vindictiveness (2 in 6 months), occur with at least one non-sibling and impact functioning

CD; Conduct Disorder

Severe ODD, repetitive behavior violating the rights of others or societal norms. Subtypes: childhood-onset, adolescent-onset, unspecified onset

DSM5 Criteria CD

≥3 symptoms in 12 months (1 in 6 months); Aggression to people/animals, destruction of property/ theft, serious violations, little remorse.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Excessive anxiety about separation from attachment figures inappropriate for the child's developmental level

DSM5 Criteria Separation Anxiety Disorder

≥3 symptoms lasting ≥4 weeks; Distress & physical symptoms when separation occurs (anticipating), worry about losing figure, refusal to go out/school, nightmares about separation

DSM5 Criteria GAD

≥1 symptom in children (adults 3+); restlessness, fatigue, irritability, concentration difficulty, muscle tension, sleep issues

DSM5 Criteria Social Anxiety Disorder

≥6 months; In children: may manifest as crying, tantrums, freezing, or shrinking. anxiety about social or performance situations where the individual may be scrutinized

DSM5 Criteria MDD

≥5 symptoms during same 2-week period, including either depressed(irritable) mood or anhedonia. Change in appetite, Insomnia/hypersomnia, Psychomotor, Fatigue, Guilt/ worthless, trouble concentrating, Suicidal thoughts

DMDD; Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Chronic, severe irritability with frequent temper outbursts, distinct from bipolar disorder and inconsistent with development level.

DSM5 Criteria DMDD

Severe temper outbursts 3+ times/week for 12+ months, persistently irritable or angry, present in ≥2 settings & server in at least one, onset before age 10 (age 6-18), not better explained by other mental disorders (BPD, ODD).

Specific Learning Disorder

Difficulties in learning and using academic skills, not accounted for by other conditions.

DSM5 Criteria Learning Disorder

Persistent difficulty in reading, writing, or math for ≥6 months despite interventions, skills below age expectations. Subtypes; dyslexia (reading/ word recognitions), written expressions, dyscalculia (mathematics and math reasoning).

Tic disorder (Tourette’s)

Sudden, rapid, recurrent motor movements or vocalizations

DSM5 Criteria for Tic disorder

Multiple motor & vocal tics ≥1, onset before 18, more than 1 year, not due to substances or others conditions

DSM5 Criteria OCD

Obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and/ or compulsions (repetitive behaviors) aimed at reducing anxiety. Compulsions easily observable in children

RAD; Reactive Attachment Disorder

A disorder of emotionally withdrawn behavior in children who have experienced grossly inadequate caregiving.

DSM5 Criteria RAD

hardly seek comfort, minimal emotional responsiveness, social/emotional disturbances, child experienced extreme insufficient care, onset before 5

DSM5 Criteria for PTSD

kids 6 and YOUNGER; exposure, presences of intrusive memories, avoidance, negative mood, altered reactivity, >1 month, cause impairment

Selective Mutism

Selective Mutism is an anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations, despite speaking in other situations

DSM5 Criteria Selective Mutism

>1 month; Interferes w/educational, social, occupation achievements, not due to lack of knowledge, not explained by other communication disorders or occurs EXCLUSIVELY with ASD, Schizo, psychotic disorders.

DSM5 Criteria Bipolar Disorder

At least 1 manic episode lasting ≥1 week with elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased goal-directed activity, ≥3 (irritability over euphoria) symptoms of manic state, may be followed by depressive mood however NOT REQUIRED.

Enuresis (Bedwetting)

Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes (voluntary or involuntary) beyond the age when bladder control is expected. Subtypes nocturnal, Diurnal or both

DSM5 Criteria for Enuresis

repeated urination bed/clothes whether involuntary or intentional, >2/ week and for 3 months, at least 5 years old, not due to medications.

Encopresis (Fecal Incontinence)

Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places (clothing, floor) in a child who is expected to have control.

DSM5 Criteria Encopresis

at least once/ month for 3 months, at least 4 years old, not due to medical conditions

Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)

A disorder with onset during the developmental period characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning

DSM5 Criteria Intellectual Disability

Deficits in intellectual functions (problem solving, complex thinking, judgment), confirmed by clinical assessment & testing, failure in development milestones. Determined by adaptive functioning (how well lived independently). Needs ongoing support