Campylobacter

S-shaped, spirally curved, pleomorphic rods

Shape of Campylobacter

• Motile

• Microaerophilic (3-5% CO2)

• aerobic or anaerobic

• oxidase positive

Campylobacter characteristics

C. fetus

C. jejuni

2 out of the 18 species of Campylobacter that are pathogenic to animals

C. fetus subsp. fetus

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

2 subspecies under C. fetus

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

cause of bovine genital campylobacteriosis

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

found in preputial cavity of asymptomatic bull and genital tract of cow and heifer

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

is present in semen of infected bull

venereal

C. fetus subsp. venerealis mode of infection

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

placenta and fetus invaded (occasional abortion at 5-8 months)

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

newborn will only live for a few hours

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

embryo may die and be reabsorbed

C. fetus subsp. venerealis and C. fetus subsp. fetus

infected placenta hemorrhagic and edematous

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

uterine infection causes metritis and infertility

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

may be shed from uterus for varying periods

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

results in delayed calving season

C. fetus subsp. fetus

occurs in intestines and genital tract of cattle and sheep

ingestion and fomites

C. fetus subsp. fetus mode of infection

C. fetus subsp. fetus

after ingestion, there is spread infection to uterine mucosa

C. fetus subsp. fetus

causes sporadic abortion in cattle

C. fetus subsp. fetus

causes multiple abortion in sheep

C. fetus subsp. fetus

placenta and fetus infected and abortion occuring late in pregnancy

C. fetus subsp. fetus

fetus may undergo autolysis, possible stillbirth

C. fetus subsp. fetus

after expelling fetus, ewes may develop metritis

C. fetus subsp. fetus

necrotic foci in fetal liver

fetal stomach contents

diagnosis via demonstration of the organism in the______

negative staining and phase or dark field microscopy

fetal stomach contents use what type of staining and microscopy

FAT

Used to identify C. fetus in preputial washings, cervical mucus, and fetal stomach contents

PCR

used to detect subspecies venerealis in semen

gastric acidity and intestinal transit time

non specific imune response in C. jejuni which is killed by HCl

IgA, IgM and IgG

Specific immunity involves

99kDa

is immunodominant antigen in C. fetus of the S-layer

Penicillin and streptomycin

Treatment (antibiotics)

Tetramycin in feed or injection of prophylaxis

Treatment in feed or in injection

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

can be elminated from the herd

C. fetus subsp. fetus

cannot be eliminated from the herd

C. fetus subsp. fetus

seldom causes human infection

C. jejuni

occurs as comensal of intestinal tracts of domestic and wild animals:

dogs

cats

birds

C. jejuni

causes diarrhea and enterocolitis in dogs, cats, sheep, goats, calves, minks, ferrets, and other animals

C. jejuni

causes infrequent abortion in bitches, ewes, and cows

C. jejuni

causes mastitis in cows

C. jejuni

causes avian infectious hepatitis in chickens and turkeys

avian infectious hepatitis

hemorrhagic and necrotic changes in the liver

C. jejuni

no treatment feasible

C. jejuni

occasionally affects companion and exotic birds, treated by erythromycin in drinking water

helicobacter

resembles campylobacter and was previously classified as campylobacter

H. pylori

in humans apprximately 50%

H. heilmanni

most common species in dogs and cats

Vibrio

closely related to enterobacteria

Vibrio

straight or curved rods

Vibrio

found in seawater and fresh water

Vibrio

some species found in river water, sewage, shellfish, and brackish marine environments

Vibrio

causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and various infection in animals

V. metschnikovi

causes frequent fatal disease in young chickens and other avian species

V. metschnikovi

characterized by sudden onset of sever enteritis and diarrhea

V. metschnikovi

does not reduce nitrate

V. cholera

causes human cholera

V. cholera

major source of gastroenteritis in humans

V. parahaemolyticus

associated with c consumption of inadequately cooked seafood

V. vulnificus

found in raw oysters

V. vulnificus

produces severe disease