1st Semester Test - US History

14th amendment

**Extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights to formerly enslaved people**

19th amendment

Granted women the right to vote

Roaring 20’s

A surging economy created an era of mass consumerism and new ideas

Big Stick Diplomacy

The policy of carefully mediated negotiation supported by the unspoken threat of a powerful military

reasons for building the Panama Canal

Lower the distance, cost, and time it took for ships to carry cargo between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, and to increase US power in South America

militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism

MAIN causes for WW1

Alfred Mahan

A late 19th and early 20th century United States Navy officer, an instructor at the Naval War College, author, and naval historian. He is considered America's foremost naval strategist, advocating for the expansion of the US fleet

Harlem Renaissance

The expansion of African American music, art, and literature in New York during the 1920s.

Woodrow Wilson

President during WW1

Red Scare

Widespread fear of a potential rise of communism and anarchism

Palmer Raids

Raids led by General A. Mitchell Palmer attempting to find and arrest communist, anarchist, and socialist

Espionage Act

Prohibited obtaining information, recording pictures, or copying descriptions of any information relating to the national defense with intent or reason to believe that the information may be used for the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation

A plan to expand the Supreme Court to make it more efficient

What was FDR’s court-packing plan?

causes of the Spanish-American war

The ongoing struggle by Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule, and the mysterious explosion of the battleship U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor

effects of the Spanish-American war

A peace treaty that compelled the Spanish to relinquish claims on Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States

John J. Pershing

General of the American Expeditionary Force during WW1

reasons for the US entering WW1

sinking of the Lusitania, Germany’s free-range submarine warfare, and the ZImmermann Telegram

to cross over no man’s land

Why were tanks used in WW1?

effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany

Required a paying of financial reparations, disarming, losing territory, and giving up all of its overseas colonies

Prohibition

The banning of purchasing and selling of alcoholic beverages

railroads and cars

What types of transportation were most popular during the 1920s?

reconstruction finance corporation

A government corporation administered by the United States Federal Government between 1932 and 1957 that provided financial support to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations, and other businesses.

agricultural depression

effects of the Dust Bowl

weapons used in WW1

Grenades, machine guns, poison gas

10th amendment

The Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution, if it isn't listed, it belongs to the states or to the people

factories and railroads

The Gilded Age saw the most growth in what area?

new nationalism

What was the Progressive Party’s platform?

initiative

A power reserved to the voters to propose legislation by petition

referendum

A public vote on a particular issue

recall

a power reserved to the voters that allows the voters to demand the removal of an elected official

women’s role in the 1920s

Joined the workforce in increasing numbers, participated actively in the nation's new mass consumer culture, and enjoyed more freedom in their personal lives

return to normalcy

Harding’s slogan and platform, calling for disengagement from foreign intervention and for a return to business as usual

causes of the great migration

Escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the oppression of Jim Crow

assembly line

what invention, invented by Henry Ford, help speed up production of goods?

religion vs science taught in schools

what ideas did the Scopes Trial challenge?

Social Darwinism

The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals

speculation

risky business deals or transactions

Huey Long

Louisiana senator who advocated for the “Share our wealth” movement during the Great Depression

federal deposit insurance corporation (FDIC)

insured bank deposits so people would not lose their money if banks failed

civilian conservation corps (CCC)

 similar to the PWA but focused on conservation projects

works progess administration (WPA)

employed millions of jobseekers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads

federal housing administration (FHA)

insured banks, mortgage companies, and other lenders, thereby encouraging the construction of new homes and the repair of existing structures

home owners loan corporation (HOLC)

provided emergency relief with respect to home mortgage indebtedness, to refinance home mortgages, to extend relief to the owners occupied by them and who are unable to amortize their debt elsewhere

social security act (SSA)

provided for unemployment insurance, old-age insurance, and means-tested welfare programs

Wilson’s 14 points

**1.** Open diplomacy without secret treaties

**2.** Economic free trade on the seas during war and peace

**3.** Equal trade conditions

**4.** Decrease armaments among all nations

**5.** Adjust colonial claims

**6.** Evacuation of all Central Powers from Russia and allow it to define its own independence

**7.** Belgium to be evacuated and restored

**8.** Return of Alsace-Lorraine region and all French territories

**9.** Readjust Italian borders

**10.** Austria-Hungary to be provided an opportunity for self-determination

**11.** Redraw the borders of the Balkan region creating Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro

**12.** Creation of a Turkish state with guaranteed free trade in the Dardanelles

**13.** Creation of an independent Polish state

**14.** Creation of the League of Nations

Jane Addams

an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator, and author. She was an important leader in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States

reform, relief, recovery

3 R’s to end the Great Depression