MIDTERM ULTRA - OVARIES

1. sides
2. Fundus
3. Posterior

location of ovaries

sides

most common location of ovaries

stroma and follicles

2 portions of ovaries

high level echo (echogenic)

parenchyma echogenecity of stroma

stroma (echogenic)

parenchyma of the ovary

- cyst appearance (echogenic wall, anechoic lumen)
- circle/rounded

follicles appearance

2.4 cm

normal mature size of follicles (ovulated)

3 cm

greatest diameter of ovary

pelvic ultrasound

ovary and uterus imaging

transvaginal ultrasound

more accurate method of assessing the pelvic organs of the female

- Empty bladder
- 5-7 MHz Flat/Linear

transvaginal ultrasound px prep and probe

- Bladder distention
- 3.5 MHz curved/convex

transabdominal ultrasound px prep and probe

Transrectal Ultrasound

is used if the patient will not allow you to use Transvaginal Ultrasound method. (accurate than transabdominal)

- empty bladder

transrectal ultrasound px prep and probe

8-14mm

endometrium thickness in secretory phase

7mm

endometrium thickness in proliferative phase

4mm

endometrium thickness in post-menopausal phase

Uterine Atrophy

small uterus, decreased in size

menopausal women

uterine atrophy usually happens in _______

uterine didelphy

congenital anomaly where there is 2 uterine bodies

adenomyosis

enlarged uterus w/o tumor

volume >60 grams

findings in adenomyosis

uterine myoma/ adenomyoma/ uterine fibroids/ myoma uteri

fibroids: most common benign tumor in the uterus

1) intramural myoma
2) submucosal myoma
3) cervical myoma
4) subserosal myoma

the four types of uterine myoma:

intramural myoma

- the myoma in the muscle of the uterus
- most common
- causes vaginal bleeding

submucosal myoma

the myoma in the deep mucosa of the uterus:

cervical myoma

the myoma in the cervix

subserosal myoma

the myoma in the serosa, periphery

Nabothian Cyst

cyst in cervix which is insignificant

endometrial hyperplasia

the thickening of endometrium up to 14 mm in an ultrasound and 5 mm in post-menopausal stage:

endometrial carcinoma

a malignant tumor in the endometrium:

cervical carcinoma

a malignant tumor in the cervix:

ovarian cyst

- most common pathology of the ovaries
- endometrial or cervical
- simple or complex
- physiologic or functional

less than 25 mm

the normal size of physiologic cyst in the ovary:

more than 25 mm

the normal size of functional cyst in the ovary:

endometritis

the inflammation of the endometrium:

>1cm

in endometritis, the thickness of the endometrial stripes is ___:

cervicitis

the inflammation of the cervix:

1) uterine corpus/body of uterus
2) endometrial
3) cervical

the tumors in the ovaries:

high level echo

polyp echogenecity

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)

- chronic anovulation syndrome
- difficulty in getting pregnant or in conceiving (infertility)

hormonal imbalance

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is caused by __________

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

- the infections in the fallopian tube, uterus, and ovaries
- stinky fluid coming from the vagina
- endometritis

endometrioma

an ovarian cyst that is equivalent to cholocate cyst:

endometriosis

a condition characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue:

ovarian cancer

a malignant tumor in the ovary

bicornuate

a partially divided uterine body:

adenomyoma

an enlarged uterus with tumor:

abortion

termination of pregnancy: age of gestation

fibroma

solid tumor in ovary

20 weeks, <500g

abortion is termination of pregnancy at ____ weeks; fetus is less than____g

ectopic pregnancy

- abnormal location of pregnancy
- occurs outside the uterus

1. empty uterus/normal uterus
2. adnexal mass
3. fluid in the cul-de-sac (a passage closed at one end)

the ultrasound findings of an ectopic pregnancy:

adnexal mass

mass or growth in the sides or around the female pelvic region:

trophoblastic disease

the hypertrophy of chorionic villi:

chorionic villi

- thickens during menstruation
- where fetus or fertilized egg is implanted

incomplete abortion

thickened endometrium w/ blood, parts of fetus, and placenta

snowstorm pattern

pattern of hydatidiform

invasive mole

the tumor that invades the wall of uterus

malignant

choriocarcinoma is what type of tumor

partial mole

tumor together with sac and fetus inside the uterus

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

contraceptive to prevent sperm from reaching the egg

high level echo

echogenecity of IUD