English Reformation and John Clavin -- Exam 2

Christian Heritage

Q: What title did the Pope give to Henry VIII before the break with Rome?

Defender of the Faith

Q: Why was Henry VIII given the title "Defender of the Faith" by the Pope?

For writing a defense of the Catholic Church against Martin Luther's ideas called Assertion of the Seven Sacraments 1521

Q: [Henry VIII] Wrote Assertion of the Seven Sacraments,1521, against ___ _____

Martin Luther

Q: What was the Act of Supremacy (1534)?

Law passed by Parliament declaring Henry VIII the Supreme Head of the Church of England

Q: What is meant by 'Royal Supremacy' in the context of the English Reformation?

The doctrine that the monarch is the head of the Church, not the Pope

Q: Why did Henry VIII break with the Roman Catholic Church?

Because the Pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

Q: In what way was the early Church of England still Catholic (unlike other reformers) under Henry VIII?

Though the king became head of the Church, its beliefs and practices remained largely Catholic—only papal authority was rejected.

Q: Who was Thomas Cranmer, and what was his role?

Archbishop of Canterbury (Henry VIII made him Archbishop w/o papal approval  excommunicated), supporter of Reformation, helped annul Henry’s marriage and wrote the Book of Common Prayer

Q: Cranmer writes Book of _____ _____ (1549);uniform worship

Common Prayer

Q: What was the Book of Common Prayer?

A uniform liturgical text used by the Church of England, authored primarily by Thomas Cranmer

Q: Who ruled after Henry VIII and tried to re-establish Catholicism in England?

Mary Tudor (1553–1558). Daughter of Henry and Catherine  in eyes of Catholic Church, only valid child because didn’t honor annulment

Q: What was Mary Tudor's nickname and why?

"Bloody Mary"—for executing Protestants during her efforts to restore Catholicism. About 300, including Cranmer, beheaded

Q: Who succeeded Mary Tudor and solidified the Protestant Reformation in England?

Elizabeth I (Reigned 1558–1603)

Q: [Elizabeth I] Sought a “___ _____”, or Middle Way between Protestantism and Catholicism

Via Media

Q: What kind of Episcopal church government is there?

Episcopal Church Government: hierarchical without a pope, with archbishop of Canterbury, bishops, and priests

Q: What is the Church of England also called?

Anglican Church or Episcopal Church

Q: How is the Church of England unified?

By its bishops and use of the Book of Common Prayer

Q: Q: What is known about John Calvin’s “sudden conversion” around 1532–1533?

Calvin experienced a “sudden conversion” to Protestantism around 1532–1533, but unlike Martin Luther’s detailed personal accounts, little is known about the event or its specifics.

Q: From France, but will leave after conversion for ______, most likely to avoid trouble

Switzerland

Q: What was the name of Calvin’s most famous theological work?

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Q: How did Calvin’s "Institutes" change from its first version to the 1559 edition?

Originally 6 chapters; later expanded to 4 parts with 80 chapters by 1559

Q: What city did Calvin try to turn into a model Christian community where he was later banished and then returned to when invited?

Geneva

Q: Strict Discipline: Holy _____

Commonwealth

Q: What was the Consistory in Geneva and what did it do?

A church council that heard moral infractions and enforced moral discipline; handed out punishments ranging from fines to death

Q: How many people were executed and banished in Geneva between 1542–1546?

58 executed, 76 banished

Q: What is the foundational theological belief of Calvinism?

The Sovereignty of God

Q: The use of the was developed by a later Calvinists ____

TULIP

Q: What is the 5-point summary of Calvinist theology called?

TULIP

Q: What does TULIP stand for?

T: Total Depravity

U: Unconditional Election

L: Limited Atonement

I: Irresistible Grace

P: Perseverance of the Saints                 

Q: What is the Calvinist view of predestination?

Double predestination: some to salvation, some to damnation, according to God’s will

Q: What kind of predestination did Calvin reject?

Absolute predestination: based solely on God’s unchanging will; rejected notion that election depends on God’s foreknowledge of human achievement

Q: ____ P—some to salvation, some to damnation, according to God’s will

Double

Q: Why did Calvinists still preach if they believed in predestination?

Because no one knows who the elect is, and preaching glorifies God

Q: What did Calvin see baptism as a sign of?

A sign of the covenant, like circumcision in the Old Testament; it’s based on the faith of the parent

Q: [Infant baptism] Sign of _____ [for Calvin]

the Covenant

Q: How did Calvin’s view of the Lord’s Supper differ from other traditions?

Believed in the spiritual presence of Christ, not a physical one (like transubstantiation or consubstantiation)

Q: What happens during the Eucharist according to Calvin?

The Holy Spirit spiritually unites believers to Christ’s presence