NP100 Exam 2 Chapters 9-12

Middle childhood encompasses the ages of

6 to 12 years old.

What are some developmental tasks associated with middle childhood

1) they focus more on fact rather than fantasy. 2) interact more with teachers and others outside the family. 3) Forming positive self-esteem from internal sources. 4) Develop close peer relationships. 5) Changing from concrete thinking to abstract thinking. 6) Developing secondary sex characteristics 7) Accepting more responsibility.

Physiological Growth of Ages 6-12

1) Gains an average of 2.5–3.2 kg/yr (5.0–7.0 lb/yr) 2)Has overall height gains of 5.0 cm/yr (2 in/yr); growth occurs in spurts and mainly in the trunk and extremities 3) Loses deciduous teeth; most permanent teeth erupt. 4) Progressively more coordinated in both gross and fine motor skills. 5) Caloric needs increase during growth spurts.

Intellectual Competency of Ages 6-12

1) Masters concrete operations. 2) Moves from egocentrism; learns that he/she is not always right. 3)Learns grammar and expression of emotions and thoughts. 4)Vocabulary increases to 3000 words or more. 5) Handles complex sentences.

Emotional-Social Competency of Ages 6-12

1) Central crisis; industry vs. inferiority; wants to do and make things. 2) Progressive sex education needed. 3) Wants to be like friends; competition is important. 4) Fears body mutilation, alterations in body image; earlier phobias may recur; nightmares; fear of death. 5) Nervous habits are common.

Nutrition for Ages 6-12

1) Fluctuations in appetite because of uneven growth pattern and tendency to become more involved in activities. 2) Tendency to neglect breakfast in rush to get to school. 3) Although lunch is provided in most schools, child does not always eat it. 4)

Play for Ages 6-12

1) Plays in groups, mostly of same sex; gang activities predominate. 2) Enjoys reading age-appropriate books. 3) Bicycles important. 4) Sports equipment, cards, board and table games. 5) Most play is active games requiring little or no equipment.

Safety for Ages 6-12

1) Enforce continued use of seat belts during car travel. 2) Bicycle safety must be taught and enforced. 3) Teach safety related to hobbies, handicrafts, mechanical equipment.