Science lessons 3 and 4

What is the primary role of the cell membrane?

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

What is passive transport?

The movement of substances through the membrane that does not use the cell's energy.

What is diffusion?

Movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water through the cell membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

What is facilitated diffusion?

The process where molecules pass through the membrane with the help of transport proteins without using energy.

What is active transport?

The movement of substances through the cell membrane using the cell's energy, moving against the concentration gradient.

What is endocytosis?

The process when a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.

What is exocytosis?

The process when a cell's vesicle fuses with the cell membrane to release a substance outside of the cell.

What is ATP?

ATP is an energy compound that cells can use.

What is glycolysis?

The first step of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into smaller molecules, using some ATP to make ATP.

What is fermentation?

A chemical reaction that cells use to obtain energy when oxygen levels are low, resulting in less ATP compared to cellular respiration.

What is lactic acid fermentation?

Fermentation that produces lactic acid as a waste product, primarily occurring in muscle cells during exercise.

What is alcohol fermentation?

Fermentation that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide as waste products, used by some bacteria and yeast.

What is photosynthesis?

A series of chemical reactions that convert sunlight energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

CO2 + H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2.

How do cellular respiration and photosynthesis work together?

Photosynthesis converts water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen, which are then used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, water, and carbon dioxide, continuing the cycle.