3.1 Nervous System Organization and Central Nervous System

What are the two major subgroups of the nervous system?

central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

What are the two subgroups of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Sensory (afferent) division and Motor (efferent) division

What are the two subgroups of the motor (efferent) division?

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

What are the two subgroups of the autonomic nervous system?

parasympathetic and sympathetic

What makes up the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

What is the function of the central nervous system?

integration and control center

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

spinal and cranial nerves

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

communication system between the CNS and the rest of the body

In the CNS, what protects and surrounds the brain?

the brain is protected by the skull and surrounded by layers of tissue (meninges) and cerebrospinal fluid

What is the function of the tissue (meninges) and cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?

cushion from injury

What are ventricles?

hollow fluid-filled cavities within brain

What do ventricles contain?

the choroid plexus which makes cerebrospinal fluid

What is the largest part of the brain?

cerebrum

What are 2 characteristics of the cerebrum?

1) made of left and right hemispheres

2) divided into 4 lobes

What is the function of the cerebrum?

learning, speech, emotion, reasoning, vision, hearing, and fine movements

What is the surface of the cerebrum called?

cerebral cortex

How is the cerebral cortex arranged?

into folds to increase surface area

Where is the cerebellum located?

under the cerebrum

What is the function of the cerebellum?

maintain posture and balance and coordinate timing and patterns for smooth and agile subconscious movements

Where is the brain stem located?

base of the cerebrum and anterior to the cerebellum

What sub parts does the brain stem include?

medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons

What is the function of the brainstem?

relays information between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord & coordinates a lot of automatic functions

What are some examples of automatic functions that the brain stem coordinates?

respiration, circulation, body temperature, sleep, digestion, and swallowing