LSU PSYC 3020 exam 3

objective test

-very clear

-unambiguous techniques

-yes/no, agree/disagree

projective test

-unclear

-ambiguous stimuli

-test taker interprets in their own meaning

-impose structure on an unstructured event

-Freudian psychoanalytic

assessment process to help determine the need for an individual to be involuntarily institutionalized

-forensic assessment

5 Intelligence Tests

-Wechsler Adult

-Stanford-Binet

-Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

-Slogan Full-Range

-McCarthy Scales of Children's Ability

factors other than test scores to be considered when advising people about career choices

-personality

-values

-desires

what do career development psychologists want a person to gain

-high level of job and life satisfaction

Edward Strong; what he did, population, assumption

-developed original Strong Vocation interest Blank

-trying to place military personal in suitable jobs

-assumed the most successful people in an occupation have certain characteristics of success; if test taker identifies with that profile, they will also succeed

Dr. Thomas Krieshok quote; career counseling

- "The last thing about career counseling is the career- it's all about the person"

good true-false items are

-absolutely true or absolutely false

Cronbach found that when students don't know an answer to a T/F question, most...

-will often select "true"

proportion of true items and false items should be

-roughly equal to eachother

matching items; advantages and disadvantages

-adv: assesses a content area

-disadv: can be easy to guess if items don't follow guidelines

guidelines for writing short-answer and completion items

-short answer rather than completion if possible

-avoid grammatical clues

-do not copy items straight from study material

-use only one blank and put it at the end

Holland's Hexagon Model

-shows relationships between personality types and the environments

-personality types closer/adjacent to each other are more alike

Holland's 6 Personality Types

-enterprising

-conventional

-realistic

-investigative

-artistic

-social

how to reduce guessing with matching items

-all correct options are in one topic area or grammatically similar (wrong answers are distractors from guessing)

-have more answer options than stems

-make choices to be used more than once or not all

Edwards 15 scale items; achievement

-a need to accomplish tasks well

Edwards 15 scale items; dominance

-need to be a leader and influence others

Edwards 15 scale items; deference

-need to conform to customs and defer to others

Edwards 15 scale items; abasement

-need to accept blame for problems and confess errors

Edwards 15 scale items; order

-need to plan well and be organized

Edwards 15 scale items; nurturance

-need to be of assistance to others

Edwards 15 scale items; exhibition

- need to be the center of attention in a group

Edwards 15 scale items; change

-need to seek new experiences and avoid routine

Edwards 15 scale items; autonomy

-need to be free of responsibilities and obligations

Edwards 15 scale items; endurance

-need to follow through on tasks and complete assignments

Edwards 15 scale items; affiliation

-need to form strong friendships and attachments

Edwards 15 scale items; heterosexuality

-need to be attracted to members of the opposite sex

Edwards 15 scale items; interception

-need to analyze behaviors and feelings

Edwards 15 scale items; aggression

-need to express one's opinion and be critical of others

Edwards 15 scale items; succorance

-need to receive support and attention from others

personality test that consists of a series of paired statements and choose which best describes themselves

-Edward Personality Preference Scale

criterion group

-standard measure to differentiate between groups

most important element when developing a personality test

-base items on content and theory

-use a criterion group

-VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

personality test where taker describes events based on black and white pictures of classical human situations

- Thematic Apperception Test

personality test using inkblots

- Rorschach Inkblot Test

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

-published in 1943

-567 items

-10 scales representing groups/factors/dimensions being rated

MMPI; hypochondria

-concerns about illness

MMPI; depression

-clinical depression

MMPI; hysteria

-converting mental conflicts into physical attributes

MMPI; psychopathic deviate

-history of antisocial or delinquent behavior

MMPI; masculinity/feminity

-masc/fem characteristics

MMPI; paranoia

-concerns about being watched or persecuted

MMPI; psychasthenia

-obsessive behaviors

MMPI; schizophrenia

-distortions of reality

MMPI; hypomania

-excessive mood swings

MMPI; social introversion

-high degree of introversion or extraversion

Holland's; realistic

-prefer practical and hands-on activities

ex. carpenter, roofer, builder, carpet installer

Holland's; investigative

-prefer to solve problems involving science and engineering

-challenging situations that demand intellectual activity

ex. chemist, biologist, engineer, forensic scientist

Holland's; artistic

-prefer self-expression of ideas

ex. musician, film-maker, painter

Holland's; social

-like to help others, attracted to situations with social causes

ex. teachers, social workers, psychologists

Holland's; enterprising

-self-management, leadership, selling

ex. sales, management, advertising

Holland's; conventional

-structure and order are part of the work

ex. data analyst, secretary, accountant

reliability critical to intelligence testing

-test-retest reliability: intelligence is a stable trait that doesn't change much as you age

three parts of multiple choice items

-stem: what is being responded to

-keyed answer: correct answer

-distractors: several wrong answers

neuropsychological testing helps understand what relationship

-how the brain affects behavior; which can lead to which prescriptive steps might be taken

what does neuropsychological testing answer

-diagnosing disorders

-distinguishing between conditions

-assessing functional potential

-assessing course of condition

-measuring speed of recovery

-measuring response to treatment

what did Piaget and Simon work together on

-distinguishing between children who would do well and those who would not

Richard Bolles' career choice advice

1. not all tests are right for all people

2. no one test is the test for everyone

3. trust your intuition

4. you're the only one like you

5. it's only a score

Horn-Cattell; crystalized intelligence

-book smart

Horn-Cattell; liquidized intelligence

-street smart

Gardners; music intelligence

-compose and perform music

Gardners; bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

-control one's bodily movements

Gardners; logical-mathematical intelligence

-solve problems

Gardners; linguistic intelligence

-use language

Gardners; spatial intelligence

-manipulate and work with 3D models

Gardners; interpersonal

-understand others behavior and interact with people

Gardners; intrapersonal

-understand ourselves

Gardners; naturalist

-identify and understand patterns in nature

Triarchic theory; componential intelligence

-structures that underlie intelligent behavior

-acquisition of knowledge

-what you know

Triarchic theory; experiential intelligence

-behavior based on experiences

-what you do

Triarchic theory; contextual intelligence

-behavior based on the context it occurs

-adaptation, selection, shaping of environment

-how you behave

purpose of intelligence testing to a neuropsychologist

-comparison of how an individual tests differently before and after an injury

neuropsychological testing

-assessment of cognitive skills based on the performance of certain tasks

ex. remembering a list of words, arranging shapes to match a design

basic function of human behavior cirital to diagnosing brain damage

-language

NEO-4 personality test domains; 5

-neuroticism

-extraversion

-openness

-agreeableness

-conscientiousness

Stanford-Binet; basal age

-lowest point where a test taker can pass two consecutive items of equal difficulty

Stanford-Binet; ceiling age

-where 3/4 items are missed in a row

-stopping point/limit

Theory of emotional intelligence; traits

-self-awareness and persistence are more important than IQ

theorist who proposed information processing approach

-Robert Sternburg

IQ formula

IQ= (MA/CA) x 100

what type of intelligence focuses on acquisition of knowledge

-componential intelligence

factor analysis

-verifies whether intelligence is one factor or several

-determines correlations and which sets of variables can be grouped form a factor (conceptual unit)

multiple choice items; advantages and disadvantages

-avd: easy to score and analyze, easily tied to learning outcomes, flexible, objective

-disadv: only works best for understanding and knowledge levels, harder to measure critical thinking and creativity

what is required of a test administrator

-training and experience

-understanding of test objectives

-proper administration techniques

-ensure test security

-accurate scoring and record keeping

-standardization

-judgement and ethical considerations

validity important when dealing with career choice tests

-construct-based validity

which theory of intelligence has the most practical application to education settings

-Howard-Gardners Multiple Intelligences

who popularized the idea of emotional intelligence

-Daniel Goleman

General Factor Theory; Charles Spearman

-underlying all intelligent behavior is a general factor that explains individual differences in terms of acting smart

-"g": general intelligence

-"s's": specific types of intelligences within the "g" that relate to one another

Multiple-Factor Approach; Louis Thurstone

-preliminary abilities: different types of intelligences

-verbal, spatial, perceptual ability are independent of each other

-primary or basic types are independent conceptually and statistically

Horn-Cattell Model

-crystalized intelligence: book smart

-liquidized intelligence: street smart

-lots of supporting research

Cattell-Horn-Carroll

-expanded the Horn-Cattell Model

-broad skills under liquid and crystal intelligence

-includes "g" underlying performance across all cognitive skill tests

Triarchic Theory; Robert Sternberg

-information processing approach

-3 types of intelligence: componential, experiential, contextual

Information processing approach; Robert Sternberg

-intelligence explained by an understanding of how people think and solve problems

-interactions between individual skills/abilities with environmental demands

Howard-Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

-individuals intelligence is made up of 8 different types of intelligence that independently work together

-music, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist

Emotional Intelligence; Daniel Goleman

-ability to be sensitive to others

-manage our own emotions

-solve problems involving emotional issues

-traits such as self-awareness and persistence are more important than IQ