Module 0: Aging and Scientific Research

These flashcards cover key concepts and practice questions related to biological aging and scientific research format as outlined in the Module 0 lecture notes.

What is biological aging?

Biological aging refers to the gradual decline in physiological function and the increased risk of diseases associated with age.

List three different aging hallmarks.

1. Mitochondrial dysfunction: involves degradation of ATP generating systems leading to increased cell damage. 2. Telomere attrition: shortening of telomeres signals cell death. 3. Dysbiosis: imbalance in gut bacteria that affects health.

What is the definition of genomic instability in aging?

Genomic instability refers to changes in DNA caused by external agents and internal processes, reducing DNA repair mechanisms.

Which stage follows the egg in the life cycle of nematodes?

Larva (technically Larval stage 1 or L1) follows the egg in the nematode life cycle.

What section of a scientific poster includes the hypothesis?

The hypothesis section contains what the experimenters predict their experiments will conclude.

Why is C. elegans a good model for studying aging in humans?

C. elegans have genes that are orthologous to human genes involved in aging, a short lifespan, and are inexpensive to grow, making them practical for research.

What happens during telomere attrition?

Telomeres shorten over time, signaling the end of cell division and leading to cell death.

What is mitochondrial dysfunction?

Mitochondrial dysfunction is when aged mitochondria lose their ability to produce energy effectively and leak harmful reactive oxygen species.

What part of a scientific poster discusses the relevance of the research?

The introduction section discusses the background and relevance of the research.

What are the aging hallmark pathways related to nutrient sensing?

Deregulated nutrient sensing involves pathways that affect cell and tissue growth in youthful states, where reduced function can unexpectedly extend lifespan.