AP Euro Quiz 2.3

Copernicus

Introduced the heliocentric model of the universe.

Tycho Brahe

Made precise planetary observations.

Johannes Kepler

Defined laws of planetary motion.

Galileo Galilei

Improved the telescope, supported heliocentrism.

Isaac Newton

Formulated laws of motion and gravity.

Andreas Vesalius

Pioneered human dissections.

William Harvey

Discovered blood circulation.

Francis Bacon

Advocated the scientific method.

René Descartes

Famous for "I think, therefore I am."

John Locke

Championed natural rights and social contract.

Thomas Hobbes

Argued for absolute monarchy and social contract.

Adam Smith

Authored "Wealth of Nations," promoted free markets.

Margaret Cavendish

Early feminist and gender equality critic.

Baron d’Montesquieu

Proposed separation of powers.

Voltaire

Advocate of free speech and religious tolerance.

Denis Diderot

Edited the "Encyclopedia," encouraged critical thinking.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Emphasized social contract and direct democracy.

David Hume

Known for empiricism and skepticism.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Early feminist and women's rights advocate.

Edward Gibbon

Wrote "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire."

Michel de Montaigne

Popularized the essay as a literary form.

Blaise Pascal

Known for "Pascal's Wager."

Baruch Spinoza

Rationalist philosopher, questioned religious beliefs.

Samuel Richardson

Novelist, author of early novel "Pamela."

Enlightened Despot

Ruler who blended Enlightenment ideas with absolute authority.