stem science- lessons 1-3

what does REGREW stand for

response to environment, growth, reproduction, energy, waste

give an example of “response to environment”

plants turn towards the sun for photosynthesis to occur

give an example of “growth”

frogs (eggs to tadpoles to froglets to adult form)

give an example of “reproduction”

salmon spawning

give an example of “energy”

we get energy from the food we eat

give an example of “waste”

animals get rid of waste through urine and feces

what is cell theory?

1.) cell is the basic unit of life

2.) all living things are composed of one or more cells

3.) all new cells come from pre-existing cells

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane whereas prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

what organisms have prokaryotic cells?

some unicellular organisms

what organisms have eukaryotic cells?

multicellular organisms and a few unicellular organisms, such as amoeba, are composed of eukaryotic cells

give two differences between an animal and plant cell

1.) plant cells have chloroplasts whereas animal cells don’t

2.) plant cells have a cell wall whereas animal cells don’t

what is the cell membrane?

the cell membrane separates the interior of the cell from its surroundings

what is the cytoplasm?

the cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that contains organelles, water, and other life-supporting materials

what’s an organelle?

the organelle is a cell structure in which functions are carried out to ensure the cell’s survival

what is the nucleus?

the nucleus is the organelle that controls all the activities within a cell. It contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is the hereditary material passed on from generation to generation. DNA controls cellular activities and functions

what is the mitochondria?

they are the energy producers in a cell (produce food energy for plant cells) Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration to produce energy for the cell. Cellular respiration occurs when the chemical energy we take in through the food we eat is changed into energy that our cells use to carry out their function

what is protein?

protein is essential to all life. They are the building blocks for a variety of structures in the cell

what is the ribosome?

Ribosomes assemble proteins. Some ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

what is the endoplasmic reticulum?

the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membrane-covered channels that look a bit like an accordion. Protein is created and carried through here. It has a large surface area but small space because it is folded

what is the golgi body/golgi apparatus?

the golgi body sorts and packages proteins created in the endoplasmic reticulum, and puts it into membrane wrapped structures called vesicles

what is the vesicle?

vesicles transport the proteins to where they need to go either in or outside the cell

what is the lysosomes?

lysosomes are organelles that look like vesicles but contain digestive chemicals that break down food particles, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts

what are vacuoles

vacuoles are temporary storage compartments. In plants they are one large one and in animals they are several small ones

what is the cell wall?

the cell wall is a tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and gives the cell a regular, box-like shape. It is only in plant cells and gives the plant support while it grows and protects the cell

what are chloroplasts?

chloroplasts are only in plant cells and trap the energy from the sun and change it into chemical energy, it is where photosynthesis occurs.

which type of cells need more/less mitochondria to function?

heart, muscles, brain and liver cells because they need more energy