CHEM 111 Chapter 1

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Mass

Amount of matter in an object

Weight

Force of gravity acting on an object

Property

Anything that can be observed or measured about matter

Physical property

Can be observed without changing composition

Chemical property

Describes how a substance reacts to form new substances

Physical change

Change that does not alter chemical composition

Chemical change

Change that produces a new substance

Extensive property

Depends on amount of matter (mass volume)

Intensive property

Independent of amount of matter (density color boiling point)

Mixture

Matter that can be separated by physical means

Homogeneous mixture

Uniform composition throughout (solution)

Heterogeneous mixture

Non-uniform composition

Substance

Matter with constant composition

Element

Pure substance of one type of atom cannot be broken down

Compound

Substance made of two or more elements chemically combined

Science

Knowledge gained through observation and experimentation

Chemistry

Study of matter and its interactions with energy and other matter

Scientific method

Process of observation hypothesis testing and conclusion

Hypothesis

Proposed explanation for an observation

Law

Summary of many observations

Theory

Explanation of natural laws