human parasitology-24 control of ntds

syndemic

the aggregation of 2 or more concurrent or sequential epidemics or disease cludsters in population

climate change

leads to changes in disease patterns

malaria and covid 19

together result in substantially worse outcomes than mono infection, can get trypanosoma cruzi and stronglycoides, both cause cytokine storm

covid and malaria infections

increase mortality, does not seem deleterious, complicated v

covid 19 and helminth coinfection

lower covid 19 morbidity and mortality, the pulmonary virus specific cd8 t cells target infected cells

poverty traps key elements

health, agriculture, education, infrastructure, urbanization

rapid impact package

4 drugs target 7 ntds, praziquantel, azithromycin, albendazole or mebendazole, ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine

mass drug administration

evidences of the efficacty of mass treatment programs is lacking, can lead to dec anthelmintic efficacty

parasitic diseases

create disgust and fear which leads us to avoid these parasites

dilution effect hypothesis

the diverse ecological communities limit the spread of disease because parasite is less likely to encounter its suitable host among the presence of a multitude of species

one health philosophy

medications for humans, domestic and wild animals tend to be the same

ecological solidarity

can help prevent the next epidemic

Thelazia gulosa

cattle eye worm

Moxidectin and Tricalbendazole

used for onchocerciasis, used for fascioliasis

Wolbachia

a drug based on antiobiotic tylosin a can be used, by drug repurposing auranofin can be used

future challenges

climate change, livestock inc carbon dioxide and methane emission

global biomass

deer make up most of biomass

2030 global targets

reduce by 90 percent nmber of people requiring treatment for ntds, eliminate at least one ntd in 100 countries, eradicate 2 diseases,

infodemic

blend of information and epidemic and is rapid and far reaching spread of both accurate and inaccurate info

life scicnes thinking

holism and reductionsis are both requried ways to thinking about biology

parasite conservation

eradicated parasites should still be preserved

humanity characteristics

be ethical person, be 21st century citizen