AP World Semester 1 MCQs MINE

Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions?
-the Caribbean
-Colonial Brazil
-British North America
-Spanish America

British North America

In which of the following empires did the process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape?
-russian empire
-spanish empire
-ottoman empire
-mughal empire

The Russian Empire

Which of the following was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas?
-A sharp decline in population in Europe and Asia
-The spread of smallpox from the Americas to Eurasia
-A shift in the global balance of power in favor of Russia
-The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents

The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents

Which European country started to expand into what is now present-day Brazil?
-france
-portugal
-dutch
-spain

Portugal

The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted
-A cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture
-The favored conversion of Hindus to Islam
-A distinctly Islamic identity
-The removal of non-Muslims from high office

a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.

Which of the following policies reflects mercantilist thinking?
-discouraging exports
-using slave labor
-accumulating precious metals
-encouraging free trade

Accumulating precious metals

Which of the following policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century?
-Creation of an imperial cult
-Construction of the House of Worship
-Promotion of the practice of sati
-Reinstatement of the jizya

Reinstatement of the jizya

Which of the following was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century?
-to gain access to gunpowder weapons
-to control Silk Roads
-to secure its borders from attack
-to monopolize the spice trade

To secure its borders from attack

In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America, British colonists in North America
-faced many class and racial restrictions
-were almost exclusively male and Catholic
-married indigenous women more frequently and were racist
-sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas

sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas.

How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?
-They abandoned their old religions and embraced Catholicism entirely
-They only pretended to be Catholic when Europeans were around
-They rejected Catholicism completely and maintained their local cultures
-They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.

They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.

Which of the following resulted from Russia's westward expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
-Russia's monopoly of the fur trade
-the conversion of the Russian royal family to Islam
-a program of westernization in Russia
-the incorporation of Slavic-speaking Ukrainians and Belarussians into the empire

A program of westernization in Russia

How did Russian political leaders and the educated typically define empire?
-Bringing enlightenment to savages
-Well-defined borders
-Cooperation with neighboring countries
-Political decentralization

Bringing enlightenment to savages

Which of the following dominated the agricultural economy of the New England and middle Atlantic colonies in British North America?
-Sugar plantations worked by slave labor
-Small-scale independent farmers working their own land
-Government-owned land that was leased to settlers
-Large estates that directly employed native workers

Small-scale independent farmers working their own land

Which of the following led the attack on the Aztec Empire?
-Hernán Cortés
-Pedro de Cieza de Leon
-Francisco Pizarro
-Christopher Columbus

Hernán Cortés

Which group entered Siberia and had amassed a population of 700,000 by 1720?
-Russians
-Persians
-Chinese
-Mongols

Russians

Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policies toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe?
-Christians remained a permanent underclass in Ottoman society.
-The majority of the population had converted to Islam by the sixteenth century.
-Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs.
-Christians who refused to convert migrated to the Americas.

Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over they own affairs.

According to the map (different shades of purple), Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet were added to the Chinese empire during the Qing dynasty; this led to
-border skirmishes with the Mughal Empire.
-the creation of the Court of Colonial Affairs.
-the permanent end of the tribute system.
-border skirmishes with the Russian Empire.

the creation of the Court of Colonial affairs

Which of the following highlights the intersection between the Little Ice Age and the phenomenon scholars term the General Crisis?
-The inability of shamans to control the weather discredited popular religions.
-Efforts to predict the weather led to an overturning of established truths.
-Climatic changes exacerbated conditions that led to popular unrest.
-The reemergence of land bridges led to the age of mass migration.

Climactic changes exacerbated conditions that led to popular unrest.

Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?
-They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.
-Their lands lacked iron, which drove them to search for deposits.
-They believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean.
-They had a long tradition of exploring distant lands by boat.

They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.

What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible?
-Plantation crops
-Industrialization
-Ranching economies
-The slave trade

Ranching economies

In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds, which event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand?
-The reconquista and its aftermath
-The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
-The Treaty of Nerchinsk
-The Treaty of Tordesillas

The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

Which of the following contributed to the Great Dying in the Americas?
-The frequent warfare between the Aztec and Inca empires
-A volcanic eruption and an earthquake that caused flooding
-A prolonged drought that made farming impossible
-Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases

Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases

Which of the following allowed the spread of disease in the Americas?
-The effects of the columbian exchange
-The effects of the little ice age
-The effects of the general crisis
-The effects of the mercantilism

The effects of the Columbian exchange

Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America?
-large-scale importation of new enslaved people continued into the nineteenth century
-enslaved people could not be set free by their owners, nor could they buy their freedoms
-enslaved people became self-reproducing after 1750, with all enslaved people born in the New World
-living and working conditions for enslaved people were similar to those of poor white men

Large-scale importation of new enslaved people continued into the nineteenth century

Which of the following describes what happened to the native population of the steppes and Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion?
-genocide
-enlightenment
-assimilation
-resettlement

Assimilation

Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange?
-The emergence of Western Europeans on the world stage
-The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet
-The rivalry between Catholic Spain and Protestant England
-The interaction between the Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations

The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet

Which of the following describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in Central Asia?
-A massive migration of Chinese settlers into the area
-Assimilation of the local populations into Chinese society
-Respect for the different cultures of the region
-The imposition of a special tax on Muslims

Respect for the different cultures of the region

Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?

They conquered territories an ocean away from the imperial heartland.

According to the map, Russia experienced its most extensive territorial expansion during which century?
-the sixteenth century
-the seventeenth century
-the eighteenth century
-the fifteenth century

The seventeenth century

What contributed to higher literacy rates in the British colonies in North America than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America?
-Spanish and Portuguese colonizers thought Native Americans could not be taught to read
-Spanish and Portuguese governments discouraged literacy among the colonial population
-The British government invested massive funds into building libraries throughout North America
-Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged reading the Bible for oneself

Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged reading the Bible for oneself

Based on the map, which of the following regions surrounded the core Ottoman region in approximately 1300? (green and orange map)

Anatolia

Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World?
-to acquire gold and jewels from the Spanish
-to learn about European culture and history
-to gain an advantage against their own enemies
-to appease the gods and avert natural disasters

To gain an advantage against their own enemies

According to the map, which European country was present only in North America?
-spain
-france
-england
-netherlands

england

Some scientists have linked the Little Ice Age that spanned much of the early modern period to the

Great Dying

The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was
-Dependent on the import of African slaves for labor
-Based on commercial agriculture and mining
-Supported by piracy and smuggling
-Administered by Spanish missionaries

based on commercial agriculture and mining

How did the Peace of Westphalia seek to settle religious differences?
-It closed the rift between Catholicism and Protestantism and paved the way for a unified Christianity
-The acknowledged the Catholic Church's acceptance of local religious traditions in Spanish colonies
-It ended the religious wars in Africa between advocates of religious syncretism and defenders of Islam
-It granted the ruler of each European state the authority to control religious affairs within his own domain

It granted the ruler of each European state the authority to control religious affairs within his own domain.

What did the kaozheng movement in China emphasize?
-verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry
-introspection and contemplation to achieve the virtuous life
-attention to church sacraments and good works as the only path to salvation
-withdrawal from the world to gain spiritual enlightenment

Verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry

Which policy is an example of how Mughal India handled religious differences in the early modern era?
-All subjects were required to follow Hinduism but were allowed to practice Islam in their homes
-The emperor encouraged fighting among different religious groups to maintain his power
-The Tokugawa shogun expelled all Christian missionaries and forced Christian converts to recant
-Akbar formulated a state cult that combined elements of Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism

Akbar formulated a state cult that combined elements of Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism.

Scholars have identified which of the following as a key factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution in Europe?
-The relative independence of European universities
-The superiority of the libraries in Western Europe
-Europe's leadership in the fields of mathematics and medicine before 1000 C.E.
-The merging of the study of the natural order with philosophy and theology

The relative independence of European universities

Which event marked a major turning point in the relationship between China and Christian missionaries?
-The issuance of the Edict of Nantes
-The Catholic Church's crushing of the Taki Onqoy movement
-The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians
-The emergence of Wahhabi Islam

The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians

Which religious followers were the most intent on converting native peoples to their religion?
-Puritans
-Catholics
-Buddhists
-Hindus

Catholics

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between the Jesuits and the Chinese?
-It was due to their mapmaking skills that Jesuits were first welcomed by the Chinese elite.
-The Jesuits were at ideological odds with the pope's policy of accommodation toward other nations and faiths.
-China remained closed to the Jesuits, who were deemed intellectually inferior by the Chinese elite.
-The Jesuits went to great lengths to portray Christianity as superior to Confucianism.

It was due to their mapmaking skills that Jesuits were first welcomed by the Chinese elite.

Based on Map 5.1, "Reformation Europe in the Sixteenth Century," in which direction did the Protestant faith predominantly spread after its founding?
-South
-East
-West
-North

South

What made Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses revolutionary?
- The validation of the Roman Catholic Church's selling of indulgences
- The idea that an individual could find salvation by faith alone
- The proposal that knowledge should be based on observations
- The theory that the sun was the center of the universe

The idea that an individual could find salvation by faith alone

What did the New England Puritans in North America emphasize?
-Conversion of native peoples to Christianity
-Education and a sense of civic responsibility
-Reconciliation with the Catholic Church
-Religious tolerance and missionary activity

Education and a sense of civic responsibility

Europeans who participated in the Scientific Revolution placed value on knowledge that was acquired through
-The writings of classical philosophers
-Rational inquiry based on evidence
-Cultural tradition and social practice
-The Roman Catholic Church's interpretation of the Bible

rational inquiry based on evidence.

According to Map 5.3, "The Expansion of Wahhabi Islam," which city was in the core Wahhabi territory in about 1800?
-Cairo
-Mecca
-Baghdad
-Riyadh

Riyadh

According to Map 5.1, "Reformation Europe in the Sixteenth Century," what was the dominant faith in North-Central Europe?
-Catholic
-Protestant
-Islam
-Eastern Orthodox

Protestant

In his view of Confucianism, Wang Yangming
-fought for religious tolerance and social justice for the poor and oppressed.
-argued that individuals could find their own path to virtue and salvation.
-attacked local customs as idolatry and sought to purify their traditions.
-invoked divine will to justify the power and privileges of the elite.

argued that individuals could find their own path to virtue and salvation

Which of the following describes a feature of syncretic religions of African slave communities in the New World?
-The emphasis on education, moral purity, and personal conversion
-The rejection of science, reason, and logic in religious practice
-The exclusive focus on animal sacrifice and spirit possession
-The identification of West African deities with Catholic saints

The identification of West African deities with Catholic saints

According to Map 5.2, "The Globalization of Christianity," in which region was Christianity most prevalent prior to the year 1700?
-South America
-Asia
-Europe
-Africa

Europe

Which principle or practice upheld in Sikhism?
-Universalism of Islam
-Seclusion of women
-Equality of men and women
-Respect for caste distinctions

Equality of men and women

How did China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire react to European science the early modern era?
-Rejection of the applications of European science
-Selective adoption of European scientific learning
-Adoption of European advances in medicine only
-Wholesale adoption of Western scientific learning

Selective adoption of European scientific learning

The early scientists in the Scientific Revolution
- Were all women
- Rejected Christianity
- Confirmed Aristotle's and Ptolemy's speculations
- Viewed science and religion as compatible

viewed science and religion as compatible

Enlightenment thinkers described the individual as
-thoughtful, rational, and independent.
-aggressive, neurotic, and irrational.
-conservative, complacent, and obedient.
-intolerant, close-minded, and hypocritical.

thoughtful, rational, and independent

Refer to Map 5.2, "The Globalization of Christianity," in the textbook. In which country was the spread of Christianity in the early modern era not accompanied by European conquest?
-the philippine islands
-mexico
-japan
-peru

Japan

What feature did Andean Christianity and Mexican Christianity share?
-Both defined Christian rituals as civil observations rather than religious practices
-Both reinterpreted Christian practices within the framework of local customs.
-Both condemned the ritual of Holy Communion as a kind of cannibalism
-Both used Christian communities to organize rebellions against Spanish rule

Both reinterpreted Christian practices within the framework of local customs.

Which form of Hinduism shared features with mystical Sufi forms of Islam?
-The kaozheng movement
-The bhakti movement
-The Wahhabi movement
-The Taki Onqoy movement

The bhakti movement

Why did the chinese imperial court initially welcome the Jesuit missionaries?
-The Chinese people had been defeated, their societies disrupted, and their cultural confidence shattered.
-The Jesuits far outnumbered the Chinese and had already converted many of the nomadic peoples in the steppes north of China.
-The Jesuits' knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, technology, geography, and mapmaking was useful to the Chinese.
-The Chinese state saw the political and military success of the European states as a demonstration of the power of the Christian God

The Jesuit's knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, technology, geography, and mapmaking was useful to the Chinese.

What factor made some parts of the world more receptive to Christianity than others?
-The absence of a literate world religion
-The strength of state religions
-The absence of military conquest
-The early conversion of local rulers

The absence of a literate world religion

Why did Sikhism evolve from a peaceful religion into a militant community?
-Violence offered a more effective means of gaining converts
-Punjab, where Sikhism was founded, was torn apart by a civil war
-The British colonial presence encouraged Sikhs to be militants
-Sikhs had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility

Sikhs had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility.

The goal of the Wahhabi movement was to
-promote religious blending to create a new Islamic faith.
-return to what was considered the pure faith of early Islam.
-teach religious tolerance and encourage syncretism.
-eliminate the patriarchal framework of Islamic law.

return to what was considered the pure faith of early Islam.

What facilitated the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
- Illuminated manuscripts
- The printing press
- The Council of Trent
- The Society of Jesus

The printing press

How was the Enlightenment related to the Scientific Revolution?
-The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe
-The Enlightenment refers to people's growing awareness of the Scientific Revolution
-The Enlightenment introduced a new way of thinking that led to the Scientific Revolution
-The Enlightenment was a Protestant movement, while the Scientific Revolution was a Catholic movement

The Enlightenment applied to the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe.

Which of the following did enlightenment thinkers share?
-The belief in progress and reason
-The notion of the divine right of kings
-The principle of gender equality
-The repudiation of Christianity

The belief in progress and reason

Which of the following figures is associated with the Scientific Revolution?
-Mirabai
-Voltaire
-Condorcet
-Newton

Newton

Which of the following was a reaction against too much reliance on human reason during the eighteenth century in Europe?
-Sikhism
-Deism
-Pantheism
-Romanticism

Romanticism

In what way did nineteenth-century developments in the sciences depart from Enlightenment principles?
-They emphasized conflict and struggle as the motors of progress.
-They rejected the techniques of science.
-They challenged the very idea of progress.
-They challenged the validity of universal laws in science.

They emphasized conflict and struggle as the motors of progress.

During the centuries between 1450 and 1750, the spread of Islam was usually the
-result of conquest and forced conversions.
-product of state indoctrination programs.
-work of Muslim holy men, scholars, and traders.
-responsibility of specially chosen missionaries.

work of Muslim holy men, scholars, and traders.

Which group had the greatest success in converting people outside Europe to Christianity?
-Spanish missionaries in the Philippines
-Puritan missionaries in New England
-Portuguese missionaries in West Africa
-Jesuit missionaries in China

Spanish missionaries in the Philippines

Which of the following describes the Japanese government's treatment of Japanese merchants operating in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century?
-The government guaranteed the safety of the Japanese merchants.
-The government regulated the Japanese merchants in order to tax them.
-The government encouraged the Japanese merchants to establish colonies.
-The government disavowed any responsibility for the Japanese merchants.

The government disavowed any responsibility for the Japanese merchants.

Which of the following experienced a long-held monopoly of the European trade in Eastern goods?
-Lisbon
-Rome
-Venice
-Constantinople

Venice

Which of the following describes a difference between how the British East India Company operated in Mughal India and how the Dutch East India Company operated in Indonesia in the seventeenth century?
-the British ruled directly over all of India, while the Dutch operated under the authority of local powerful elites
-the British negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers, while the Dutch established control through conquest and colonization
-the British had to send half their profits back to the government in London, while the Dutch kept all their profits
-the British assimilated into Indian society, while the Dutch encouraged the local population to become more Dutch

The British negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers, while the Dutch established control through conquest and colonization.

How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan in the seventeenth century?
-they welcomed Europeans for their technological expertise and scientific knowledge
-they protected Christian missionaries and sponsored Christian churches
-they expelled all Europeans except the Dutch, who were allowed to trade at a single site
-they established regular diplomatic relations with European states

They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch, who were allowed to trade at a single site.

The fact that Europeans often had to pay for Asian spices and textiles in cash led to which of the following?
-A European trade surplus
-A lack of desire to trade with Asia
-An intense desire for precious metals
-The closing of the Indian Ocean trade network

An intense desire for precious metals

The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in
-fur
-spices
-silk
-silver

Silver

Which of the following was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period?
-The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods
-The enslavement of Native Americans to support the fur trade
-The removal of Native Americans in the interior to reservations
-The monopoly of the fur trade by Russian hunters and trappers

The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods

Which of the following describes a feature of the North American, but not the Russian, fur trade in the early modern period?
-The local population suffered from exposure to European epidemic diseases against which they had no immunity.
-Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population.
-The local population became dependent on European trade goods.
-Some animal species were hunted to near extinction.

Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population

How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy?
-It limited the purchasing power of European states.
-European states required payment of taxes in silver.
-The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.
-It set off a decade-long worldwide recession.

The value of silver around the world skyrocketed

Which of the following is true of slavery in the premodern Islamic world?
-Men were exclusively enslaved because women were precluded from slave status.
-Enslaved people had the same status as livestock and other animals.
-All slave labor was devoted to large-scale agricultural enterprises.
-Some enslaved people acquired prominent military or political status.

Some slaves acquired prominent military or political status

Which of the following statements is true of the West African slave trade?
-European merchants secured all their slaves by seizing them in raids deep within the interior of Africa
-European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites
-Europeans possessed immunities to the diseases of the region, giving them an advantage in controlling the trade
-African rulers universally opposed the slave trade on humanitarian grounds and worked together to suppress it

European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites

The number of slaves shipped from Africa to the Americas peaked in the
-1500s.
-1700s.
-1600s.
-1800s.

1700s

Map 6.4 shows that most common destination(s) in the Americas for West African slaves was (were)
-Mexico
-the Caribbean and Brazil
-Peru
-British North America and the United States

The Caribbean and Brazil

Which of the following distinguished the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas from past instances of slavery in world history?
-children of slaves were considered free
-most slaves were women and children
-most slaves were Slavic-speaking peoples
-slave status was associated with race

Slave status was associated with race

The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century contributed to
-wars with Spain for control of the silver trade
-a population explosion and ecological crisis
-the end of civil war and the unification of Japan
-Japan's rise as an empire by the seventeenth century

The end of civil war and the unification of Japan

Which of the following was an incentive for the Portuguese to find a direct sea route to Asia?
-To circumvent (bypass) the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on the trade in Eastern goods
-To establish colonies for their growing population and create markets for their goods
-To continue the Crusades in Asia and Pacific Oceania
-To establish a base on the eastern end of the Silk Road

To circumvent (bypass) the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on the trade in Eastern goods

Which of the following describes a feature of commerce in the Indian Ocean basin when Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498?
-merchants ships were heavily armed
-Japan regulated all trade in Asia
-the Chinese navy patrolled the sea lanes
-small-scale (diverse?) merchants traded openly

Small-scale (diverse?) merchants traded openly

Which of the following was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century?
-Mombasa
-The Philippines
-Macao
-Goa

The Philippines

Which of the following characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750?
-Through economic competition
-By establishing diplomatic relations
-By force of arms and conquest
-By ending China's tribute system

By force of arms and conquest

Which describes the role that Europeans played in the economy of the early modern era?
-they worked the markets of the East to their advantage
-they were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia
-they established and enforced a new international system of trade
-they dominated the global trade in textiles, tea, and porcelain

They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia

Which of the following describes an effect of the silver trade on Spain?
-it enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas.
-it created a market-based economy with state-supported agricultural and industrial enterprises
-it made the Spanish economy regionally specialized and highly commercialized
-it prompted Spanish authorities to launch a conversion program to preserve the environment

It enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas.

Which of the following developments in the early modern period provided incentives for Europeans to go into the fur trade?
-The market in textiles
-The spread of Islam
-The Middle Passage
-The Little Ice Age

The Little Ice Age

Which of the following describes how the fur trade affected indigenous peoples in North America?
-it fostered the creation of independent, self-sufficient communities
-it facilitated the assimilation of indigenous peoples into British America
-it generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans
-it enhanced women's social status because they hunted and trapped animals

It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans

What commodity was called soft gold in early modern commerce?
-furs
-spices
-silver
-textiles

Furs

Which of the following was a consequence of the Atlantic slave trade?
-The Great Dying
-A revival of the Silk Roads
-An increase in the value of silver
-The African diaspora

The African diaspora

The origins of the Atlantic slave trade were associated with the
-expansion of russia
-production of sugar
-little ice age
-trade in silver

Production of sugar

Which of the following is an example of the effect of the Atlantic slave trade on African societies?
-frequent slave revolts created an environment of fear and insecurity
-some european slave catchers assimilated into african society
-judicial proceedings were manipulated to generate victims for the slave trade
-the use of male slaves in urban elite households became commonplace

Judicial proceedings were manipulated to generate victims for the slave trade

Which of the following describes the experiences of some women in Africa in the early modern era?
-Most women married multiple husbands
-A few women had access to political power
-Women controlled the trade in rice and syrup
-Some women gained prestige as ritual specialists

A few women had access to political power

How did the slave trade affect African states?
-small-scale kinship-based societies merged to form powerful, centralized states
-states involved in the slave trade invested their profits in manufacturing industries
-the kingdom of Kongo emerged as the most powerful state in West Africa
-some Africans states depended on revenues from the slave trade.

Some Africans states depended on revenues from the slave trade.

What was the major reason for European presence in Asia?
-Empire
-Trade
-Slavery
-Religion

Trade