CLEP U.S History 1 Practice Test 1

In general, Native American groups prior to contact with Europeans:

had adapted to a variety of geographic and climate conditions.

Jay's Treatyended the continuing British presence in the Ohio Valley

ended the continuing British presence in the Ohio Valley

Jay's Treaty

Factors in the success of the Spanish in conquering Native American peoples? (4)

1) exploitation of rivalries among native peoples.

2) firearms and horses

3) focus of other European nations on their own internal political and religious issues

4) Native Americans' lack of immunity to European diseases

Reasons the English were interested in colonization (4)

1) New Markets

2) NW passage to Asia for supply ships

3) Base to attack spanish ships traveling to spain.

4). Religious Rivalry - England wanted protestant empire in americas

A direct result of the dumping of precious metals from the Americas into European markets? (4)

1) The Commercial revolution.

2) Widespread Inflation

3) Lower standard of living for most Europeans.

4) Increased Profits for Merchants

Puritanism

based on a set of religious, political, and social values.

The first published poet in the North American colonies

Anne Bradstreet

William Penn called his colony a "Holy Experiment" because he

wanted to establish a self-governing colony with political and religious freedom

The Bodies of Liberty, the first set of laws in the English colonies, was passed by the

Massachusetts General Court

Life in the English Colonies (5)

1) Large Families

2) Women crucial in home but limited opp outside.

3) Open immigration policies.

4) Colonial culture similar to England.

5) Many Colleges (Harvard, Yale)

Fight between colonists and Native Americans?

King Philip's War

Rebellion of frontiersmen against the governor and House of Burgesses in the Virginia colony.

Bacon's Rebellion

Rebellion on the frontier in the early days of the new United States

Shays's Rebellion

Uprising of slaves in South Carolina and Georgia in 1739

Stono Uprising

Fought in Florida between Seminole and the U.S. Army

First Seminole War

A major difference in government structure between royal colonies and charter colonies was

the colonists elected their own governor in charter colonies, whereas the monarch appointed the governor in a royal colony

The development of enslaved Africans as the chief labor supply after Bacon's Rebellion occurred because of

the growing number of white landless and discontented former servants

The first colony in the 1600s to require that each town establish a public primary school was

Massachusetts

While the English were the largest group of people to immigrate to the colonies, the second largest group were

Scots Irish

The first group of non-English speakers to immigrate in large numbers

Germans

The Irish and Welsh came in large numbers in the 1840s as a result of

The Potato Famine

A significant characteristic of the social class structure in the English colonies was

the size and wealth of the middle class

For Puritans, Children were considered

Young adults, they dressed and treated them as such. (Sensibly)

"The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on deck for the fresh air . . . "

a slave ship bound for the Americas.

The religious group that had the greatest influence in New England after the initial phase of settlement was

Congregational Church

Had the most influence among the planters of the Southern colonies

The Anglican Church

Had its greatest influence in the 1700s as a result of the Great Awakening religious revival in the colonies.

Methodism

Over time, married women in the colonies able to exercise the right to

Conduct Business

The Great Awakening spurred (4)

1) Religious pluralism

2) Nonsectarian Colleges

3) Separation of church and State

4) Active participation in church affairs by ordinary people.

A major difference between slavery in Virginia and in the Carolinas and Georgia was that

most slaves in Virginia had been born in the colony rather than imported

A major advantage for the British in North America during the French and Indian War

The British colonies were populated with families willing to fight for their homes.

Most of the French immigrants were men who made their living as

Fur Trappers and Traders

The British government did not enforce the Proclamation of 1763

to the benefit of the British empire to have the colonists move West.

During the French and Indian War most of the Native Americans were allies to the

British

British policy toward its colonies in the 1600s and 1700s was based on the principle of

Merchantillism

Idea of Mercantilism

Colonies exist for the benefit of the home country.

The British government's attitude toward enforcing economic laws related to the colonies prior to the 1760s

Salutary neglect.

The colonists' argument against Parliament's attempt to tax the colonies.

Direct representation.

Occurred in Europe in the 1500s as money poured into circulation and goods became scarce in relation to available money.

The Price Revolution

The "power of the purse," colonial legislatures' ability to influence the actions of royal officials in the colonies, was eliminated by the

Townshend Acts

A Direct Tax on Documents

Stamp Act

Required colonists to provide housing for British troops

Quartering Act

The laws passed to punish Boston and Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

Intolerable Acts

Passed by Parliament reasserting its authority to make laws for the colonies.

Declaratory Act

Examples of the influence of Enlightenment thinking (4)

1) Benjamin Franklin's scientific experiments

2) John Locke's social contract theory

3) The Declaration of Independence.

4) The use of inoculations against smallpox

The basic premise of the Enlightenment was

The natural world was governed by certain rules that were knowable by humans through observation

The Enlightenment encouraged

Scientific Experimentation

The religious belief that people were either saved or damned by God and that their own good works were of no value in determining their salvation

Predestination

Who Wrote - "Of more worth is one honest man to society, and in the sight of God than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived."

Thomas Paine. (Common Sense)

Marquis de Lafayette

French Noblemen/ soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)

William Pitt

British Prime Minister during the French and Indian War who defended the American colonists

Edmund Burke

Irish member of Parliament who supported the Americans.

The battle of Saratoga in 1777 was important because it

brought France into a formal alliance with the United States

The Peace of Paris called for (4)

1) Loyalists to be paid for their confiscated property

2) The British to withdraw from all U.S. territory

3) the Mississippi to serve as the western boundary of the U.S

4) The U.S to have fishing rights in north waters off Canada

Florida was given to Spain by Great Britain and did not become part of the United States until

1819

The major difficulty of government under the Articles of Confederation was

Lack of a Chief executive

The only major achievement of the Confederation government.

Establishing a way to admit new states

Provided the plan for all subsequent admission of territories to statehood in the United States

Northwest Ordinance

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing certain rights of individuals.

Bill of Rights

Passed in 1862, this act set up a system to give land to families in the West who were willing to work it

Homestead Act

Passed in 1854 and set up a way for residents of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether they wanted their state to be free or slave.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

The acquisition of land from Mexico in 1853 that makes up the current border between Mexico and the United States in southern Arizona and New Mexico.

Gadsden Purchase

The Great Compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention resulted in

the establishment of a legislature of two houses, a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation among the states

The counting of slaves as three-fifths of a person was known as

The "three-fifths compromise."

What was the result of a compromise engineered by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison to ensure that the new United States pay all federal and state debts resulting from the Revolutionary War

the establishment of the new nation's capital in an area between Virginia and Maryland.

The major shortcoming of the new Constitution according to Anti-Federalists was

lack of protection for individuals

Purpose of Federalism

to balance power between the national government and the states.

List the freedoms included in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in order

Religion - Speech - Press - Assembly

The authority of Congress to approve presidential nominees to the federal judiciary is an example of

Checks and balances.

The right of the Supreme Court to judge the constitutionality of Congressional laws and executive acts

Judicial review

The right to Judicial Review was established in ______vs _____.

Marbury vs. Madison.

The process by which the Constitution is changed

The amendment process.

Specific powers granted to Congress.

enumerated powers

Gives the Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the business of the government.

Implied Powers

The reason underlying Alexander Hamilton's proposal that the United States government redeem all bonds at face value and pay all state debts was

to convince wealthy Americans that the United States was a safe investment

What was the first test of the unity of the United States under its new Constitution?

Whiskey Rebellion

A planned uprising of enslaved African Americans in South Carolina to take control of Charleston, which was stopped before it began.

Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy

An episode that almost led to war between the United States and France in 1797

XYZ Affair

A party in Congress that wanted the United States to declare war on Great Britain in the early 1800s.

War Hawks

A mathematician and astronomer

who helped to lay out Washington, DC.

Benjamin Banneker

A physicist and the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution

Joseph Henry

The first doctor to diagnose insanity as an illness.

Benjamin Rush

The Federalists party of the 1790s found its support among

Northern merchants, New England farmers, and skilled workers

Who wrote "'Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances, with any portion of the foreign world."

George Washington in his Farewell Adress.

A writer of pamphlets to incite colonists to rebel

Thomas Paine.

The Treaty of Greenville is significant because

Native Americans in the Old Northwest ceded most of their lands to the United States

What ended the continuing British presence in the Ohio Valley

Jays Treaty

The United States agreed to buy Florida from Spain in

1819

The Sedition Act was used primarily against

Republican printers and editors.

What act was passed under the guise of protecting the U.S. from "dangerous" aliens, but in reality, it was a tool the Federalists used to hinder the growth of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Sedition Act

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions are significant because

they were the first articulation of the doctrine of nullification

Allowed states to declare null and void any law passed by Congress

The theory of nullification

The Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review of acts of Congress was

Marbury v. Madison

Eliminated the argument of "separate but equal" facilities and ended school segregation in 1954

Brown v. Board of Education

Established the doctrine of "separate but equal." in 1896

Plessy v. Ferguson

Declared slaves property and protected the property rights of slaveowners

Dred Scott decision

The Supreme Court broadened the powers of Congress to include implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers in

McCullock v. Maryland,

Results of the Louisiana Purchase

1) Doubled size of U.S

2) Removed french threat

3) permanently opened new orleans for trade.

4) increased tensions over slavery.

Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson, this ended the hope of a Northwest Passage.

The Lewis and Clark expedition

The purpose of the Embargo Act of 1807 was to

preserve the neutrality of the United States