Impact of WW1 on Germany

What was Germany like before the First World War?

It had a thriving economy and was a powerful state - German citizens were confident for the future

What was Germany like after the First World War?

The economy had been destroyed, and the divisions between people had been exposed, leading to social unrest. The Kaiser had been removed from power and replaced with new politicians and leaders. Many Germans also felt betrayed by the ‘November criminals’

Why had the German economy been destroyed?

It had spent 1/3 of it’s income on war pensions to the families of deceased soldiers - this was very expensive to do

What divisions were there between the people?

There was a large gap between the rich and poor

Who were the ‘November Criminals’?

The politicians who had signed the peace treaty to end World War One.

Why were there severe food shortages in Germany?

There was a British naval blockade in 1918, which led to almost 300,000 (293,000) Germans dying from starvation

What else did the naval blockade restrict?

Germany’s ability to trade, leading to the collapse of its chemical industry

What impact did the Great War have on wages?

The wages were falling - German miners in 1918were earning only 60% of what they had had previously

What was the impact of the Great War on the currency?

The Mark was losing value and inflation was rising rapidly

What was the Kiel Mutiny?

German sailors mutinied (rebelled) in October and the beginning of November 1918. This caused rebellions across Germany and led to the collapse of the German government

When did the Kaiser abdicate?

9th November 1918

Who became Chancellor after the Kaiser abdicated?

Frederich Egbert

When did Germany surrender?

11th November 1918