Chapter 1-5: Introduction to Psychological Research Methods and Ethics

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 1–5: Introduction to Psychological Research Methods and Ethics.

Experimental method

A research design that uses random assignment to create equivalent groups and establish causal relationships between an independent and dependent variable.

Correlation

A statistical relationship between two factors; indicates association and potential prediction but not causation.

Case study

An in-depth examination of a single person or small group, providing rich detail but limited generalizability.

Naturalistic observation

Observing behavior in a natural environment without manipulation.

Twin study

A study comparing identical and fraternal twins to separate genetic and environmental influences.

Longitudinal study

Research that follows the same individuals over an extended period to observe changes.

Cross-sectional study

Research comparing different groups at a single point in time to examine differences.

Confounding variable

An extraneous factor that can affect the outcome, complicating interpretation of results.

Informed consent

Providing potential participants with enough information to decide whether to participate.

Debriefing

Post-experiment explanation detailing the study's purpose and any deception used.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A committee that reviews research proposals to protect the rights and welfare of human participants.

Laboratory experiment

An experiment conducted in a controlled lab environment to test theoretical principles; not intended to exactly reproduce everyday life.

Animal research ethics

The debate about using animals in research, balancing potential human benefits with animal welfare.

Animal protection movement

Efforts advocating for animal welfare and regulation of animal research.

Deception in research

Misleading participants about the study's purpose or procedures; permitted only if essential and followed by debriefing.

General principles

Psychological science focuses on general principles that help explain many behaviors, not just lab-specific actions.