Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

What are the four sex cord stromal tumors?

Sex Cord Stromal Cells are the endocrine apparatus of the ovaries and are subdivided into four types

Granulosa Cell Tumors

Thecomas

Fibromas

Sertoli Leydig Cell Tumors

What are Granulosa Cell Tumors?

Granulosa Cell Tumors are cancers originating from the granulosa cells that produce estrogen and lead to vaginal bleeding

1. May cause endometrial hyperplasia which can progress to endometroid adenocarcinoma

   1. have a characteristic nuclear groove that mimics coffee beans

   2. express Call-Exner bodies which mimic the structure of ovarian follicles with absent germ cells in the center

2. Most common in post-menopausal women

What are Thecoma?

Thecomas are sex-cord stromal tumors that are benign and derived from the theca-cells

→ characteristically yellow with fat deposition in the clear cytoplasm
→ also capable of producing estrogen

What is a Fibroma?

Fibroma is a benign ovarian sex cord stromal tumor and is characteristically white and hard

1. Associated with Meigs’ syndrome

   1. presence of ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion on the right side

What are Sertoli Leydig Cell Tumors?

Sertoli Leydig Cell Tumors are ovarian sex cord tumors in women which presents with the presence of sertoli and leydig cells in women

1. Sertoli cells are small tubular cells

2. Leydig are larger pink cytoplasmic cells

   1. lead to androgen production leading to virilization and hirsutism