POL247 Lecture 14: Fascism Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts related to Fascism.

In what context did fascism emerge as a distinct political movement?

The combined context of industrialized and total war of WWI and the Bolshevik Revolution.

Who was the leader of the 'Fasci di Combattimento' in Milan in 1919?

Benito Mussolini

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes fascism within the far-right?

The propensity for violence as a means to secure political power.

What are some key ideological characteristics of Fascism?

Anti-individualism, hostility to liberalism, opposition to socialism/communism, anti-democratic, idea of a 'total state', and celebration of violence.

Is fascism considered a form of anti-capitalism?

No, fascism does not advocate abolishing private property or the workings of capitalism.

According to Roger Griffin, how is fascism best understood?

As the idea and practice of national regeneration and revivalism; 'palingenetic ultra-nationalism'.

In what kind of contexts did Fascism emerge and come to power in Italy and Germany?

Contexts of profound, deep, multi-layered, and unprecedented crisis affecting both the structure and workings of the economy and politics.

How did Hitler come to power in 1933?

He was appointed Chancellor by the President, Paul von Hindenburg, as leader of the largest party in the Reichstag.

What was the most dramatic transformation of the state under fascist rule?

The reconfiguration of state and society in preparation for total war.

How do liberal and conservative views define fascism?

As 'mob rule'/tyranny of the majority and a product of the demagogic possibilities inherent within mass democracy.

What is Bonapartism?

A concept introduced by Marx referring to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, who overthrew parliamentary rule and established a dictatorship.

According to Antonio Gramsci, when does Bonapartism (like fascism) emerge?

When the existing form of capitalist rule is no longer able to secure the long-term interests of capital and the political representatives of the capitalist class can no longer govern.