Cases - Ap Gov & Pol

List the facts of Marbury v. Madison

First case to establish judicial review, giving courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional

What was the impact of Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review

What power was impacted by Marbury v. Madison

Expanded judicial power

What was the decision in Marbury v. Madison

The court can declare laws unconstitutional

What clauses were used in Marbury v. Madison

Article II, Supremacy Clause

List the facts of McCulloch v. Maryland

Confirmed national supremacy through not allowing the state of Maryland to tax the national bank

What was the impact of McCulloch v. Maryland

Confirmed implied powers of congress

What power was impacted by McCulloch v. Maryland

Expanded federal power

What was the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland

States cannot tax federal institutions, congress can create a national bank

What clauses were used in McCulloch v. Maryland

Necessary and proper clause, supremacy clause

List the facts of Schenck v. United States

Introduced the "clear and present danger" test which limited free speech during wartime

What was the impact of Schenck v. United States

Established clear and present danger test limiting speech

What power was impacted by Schenck v. United States

Expanded federal power during wartime

What was the decision in Schenck v. United States

Government can restrict speech that presents a clear danger

What clauses were used in Schenck v. United States

First amendment (free speech)

List the facts of Engel v. Vitale

Banned school sponsored prayer, reinforced the separation of church and state

What was the impact of Engel v. Vitale

Prohibited state sponsored prayer in public schools

What power was impacted by Engel v. Vitale

Limited government endorsement of religion

What was the decision in Engel v. Vitale

School prayer violates the constitution

What clauses were used in Engel v. Vitale

First amendment (establishment clause)

List the facts of Brown v. Board of Education

Overturned "separate but equal", integrated public school's

What was the impact of Brown v. Board of Education

Ended school segregation

What power was impacted by Brown v. Board of Education

Expanded federal role in civil rights enforcement

What was the decision in Brown v. Board of Education

Separate but equal is inherently unequal

What clauses were used in Brown v. Board of Education

Fourteenth amendment (equal protection)

List the facts of Baker v. Carr

Judicial review of redistricting, established "one person, one vote"

What was the impact of Baker v. Carr

Enabled courts to rule on redistricting

What power was impacted by Baker v. Carr

Expanded federal judicial power

What was the decision in Baker v. Carr

Courts can intervene in redistricting cases

What clauses were used in Baker v. Carr

Equal protection clause (fourteenth amendment)

List the facts of Gideon v. Wainwright

Guaranteed the right to an attorney for all criminal defendants even if they can't afford one

What was the impact of Gideon v. Wainwright

Guaranteed right to counsel in state courts

What power was impacted by Gideon v. Wainwright

Expanded federal protection of individual rights

What was the decision in Gideon v. Wainwright

States must provide attorneys for the poor

What clauses were used in Gideon v. Wainwright

Sixth amendment (incorporated by the fourteenth amendment)

List the facts of Tinker v. Des Moines

Protected student free speech, students protested the Vietnam war by wearing arm bands and were punished by their school

What was the impact of Tinker v. Des Moines

Protected symbolic student speech

What power was impacted by Tinker v. Des Moines

Limited government power to restrict student expression

What was the decision in Tinker v. Des Moines

Students don't lose rights at school

What clauses were used in Tinker v. Des Moines

First amendment (free speech)

List the facts of New York Times v. United States

Limited government censorship, NYT printed information about the pentagon papers

What was the impact of New York Times v. United States

Limited prior restraint by the government

What power was impacted by New York Times v. United States

Limited federal power to restrict press

What was the decision in New York Times v. United States

Government cannot block publication without heavy justification

What clauses were used in New York Times v. United States

First amendment (freedom of press)

List the facts of Wisconsin v. Yoder

Amish families resisted compulsory high school attendance, arguing it violated their religious traditions and autonomy

What was the impact of Wisconsin v. Yoder

Protected religious freedoms against state mandates

What power was impacted by Wisconsin v. Yoder

Limited state power over religious practices

What was the decision in Wisconsin v. Yoder

Amish children can be exempt from mandatory schooling

What clauses were used in Wisconsin v. Yoder

First amendment (free exercise clause)

List the facts of Roe v. Wade

Abortion restrictions were challenged as infringements on personal privacy

What was the impact of Roe v. Wade

Legalized abortion nationwide

What power was impacted by Roe v. Wade

Expanded federal protection of privacy rights

What was the decision in Roe v. Wade

Women have a right to choose abortion

What clauses were used in Roe v. Wade

Implied right to privacy (Fourteenth amendment, due process)

List the facts of Shaw v. Reno

Race based redistricting, black voters asked new constitutional concerns about fairness

What was the impact of Shaw v. Reno

Limited racial gerrymandering

What power was impacted by Shaw v. Reno

Expanded federal oversight of redistricting

What was the decision in Shaw v. Reno

Race cannot be the sole factor in redistricting

What clauses were used in Shaw v. Reno

Fourteenth amendment (equal protection clause)

List the facts of United States v. Lopez

A student's gun possession case questioned congress's use of the commerce clause

What was the impact of United States v. Lopez

Restricted use of commerce clause

What power was impacted by United States v. Lopez

Limited federal power

What was the decision in United States v. Lopez

Gun free school zones act exceeded congress's commerce powers

What clauses were used in United States v. Lopez

Commerce clause

List the facts of McDonald v. Chicago

Chicago handgun ban triggered demands to apply the second amendment of right to bear arms to the states

What was the impact of McDonald v. Chicago

Incorporated second amendment to states

What power was impacted by McDonald v. Chicago

Expanded federal constitutional protections

What was the decision in McDonald v. Chicago

States cannot infringe on right to bear arms

What clauses were used in McDonald v. Chicago

Second amendment (through the fourteenth amendment)

List the facts of Citizens United v. FEC

Campaign finance peaked when a group challenged limits on corporate spending in elections

What was the impact of Citizens United v. FEC

Lifted restrictions on corporate political spending

What power was impacted by Citizens United v. FEC

Limited federal power to regulate campaign finance

What was the decision in Citizens United v. FEC

Political spending is protected speech

What clauses were used in Citizens United v. FEC

First amendment (free speech