insertions orings and actions

Buccinator

Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: Corner of the mouth
Action: Draws the corner of the mouth laterally.

Corrugator supercilii

Origin: Nasal bridge and orbicularis oculi
Insertion: Skin of the eyebrow
Action: Depresses the middle part of the eyebrows and brings them together as in frowning.

Depressor labii inferioris

Origin: Lower border of the mandible
Insertion: Skin of the lower lip and orbicularis oris
Action: Depresses the lower lip

Levator labii superioris

Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: Skin and orbicularis oris of the upper lip
Action: Raises upper lip like a sneer.

Occipitofrontalis

Origin: Occipital bone
Insertion: Skin of the eyebrow and nose Action: Moves scalp, raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead.

Orbicularis oris

Origin: Nasal septum, maxilla, and mandible Insertion: Fascia and lip muscle
Action: Closes lips and causes 'pursing'

Orbicularis oculi

Origin: Frontal bone and maxilla
Insertion: Skin of the eyelids
Action: Closes eyes: blinking, winking, squinting.

Platysma

Origin: Fascia of the deltoid and pectoralis major
Insertion: Skin covering the inferior border of the mandible
Action: Brings the lower lip down and wrinkles neck and chin skin.

Risorius

Origin: Fascia of the masseter
Insertion: Corner of your mouth
Action: Pulls the mouth laterally

Zygomaticus

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Orbicularis oris of the upper lip Action: Lifts the corner of the mouth up like a smile.

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal bone
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible
Action: Keeps the jaw elevated/closed regularly.

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Angle of mandible (ramus)
Action: Prime mover of jaw elevation.

Lateral pterygoid

Origin: Lateral side of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
Insertion: Mandibular condyle
Action: Opens the jaw and moves it forward and side to side.

Medial pterygoid

Origin: Pterygoid plate
Insertion: Inside edge of mandible
Action: Closes the jaw and moves it forward and side to side.

Genioglossus

Origin: Mandible
Insertion: Surface of the tongue
Action: Sticks tongue out.

Styloglossus

Origin: Styloid process of the temporal bone Insertion: Lateral and inferior
Action: Sticks tongue out and pulls it back in.

Hyoglossus

Origin: Hyoid bone
Insertion: Side of the tongue
Action: Retracts the tongue into the mouth.

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process (temporal) nuchal line (occipital)
Action: Activate both for 'yes' or 'no' motion.

Splenius capitus

Origin: Upper part of the vertebral column Insertion: Back of the head
Action: One muscle contracts: tilts the head.

Trapezius

Origin: Skull
Insertion: Clavicle
Action: Extend (look up) the head.

Iliocostalis

Insertion: Always superior to the origin
Action: Can extend the vertebral column, but also laterally flex the head.

Longissimus

Insertion: Always superior to the origin
Action: Only extends the vertebral column

Spinalis

Insertion: Always superior to the origin
Action: Only extends the vertebral column.

External intercostals

Origin: Superior rib
Insertion: Inferior rib
Action: Elevates during inspiration.

Internal intercostals

Origin: Inferior rib
Insertion: Superior rib
Action: Depresses during expiration.

Thoracic diaphragm

Origin: Sternum, ribs, and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Central tendon
Action: Inspiration.

Rectus abdominis

Origin: Pubic bone
Insertion: Xiphoid process of the sternum Action: Flexes the vertebral column

External oblique

Origin: Ribs
Insertion: Pelvis
Action: Flexes and rotates the vertebral column.

Internal oblique

Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Lower ribs
Action: Flexes and rotates the vertebral column.

Transverse abdominis

Action: Compresses the abdominal wall.

Quadratus lumborum

Origin: Iliac crest and lumbar region Insertion: Lumbar vertebrae
Action: Laterally flexes.

Levator scapula

Origin: C1-C4
Insertion: Scapula
Action: Elevates and protracts the scapula

Pectoralis minor

Origin: Rib 3-5
Insertion: Scapula (coracoid process)
Action: Depresses scapula.

Serratus anterior

Origin: Ribs 1-9
Insertion: Scapula
Action: Protracts scapula.

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Lumbar area
Insertion: Single tendon that inserts into the intertubercular groove
Action: Adducts and extends.

Pectoralis major

Origin: Upper part of the rib cage/Clavicle Insertion: Intertuberular groove
Action: Adduct and flex.

Biceps brachii

Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Flexes elbow and shoulder.

Brachialis

Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process (ulna)
Action: Flex elbow.

Triceps brachii

Origin: Scapula and humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process (ulna)
Action: All 3 heads can extend the elbow

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Action: Flexes wrist.

Palmaris longus

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Palmar fascia
Action: Flexes wrist.

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Middle phalanx
Action: Flexes digits at knuckles.

Flexor digitorum profundus

Origin: Radius
Insertion: Distal phalanx (tip of fingers)
Action: Flexes digits within fingers.

Extensor carpi radialis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist.

Extensor digitorum

Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Over digits 2-5
Action: Extends wrist.

Extensor pollicis

Insertion: Thumb
Action: Extends the thumb.

Iliacus

Origin: Iliac fossa
Insertion: Less trochanter
Action: Flexes hip.

Psoas

Origin: Thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser trochanter
Action: Flexes hip.

Gluteus maximus

Origin: Posterior surface of the ilium Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity
Action: Extension.

Gluteus medius

Origin: Lateral side of coxal bone
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Abduct.

Gluteus minimus

Origin: Lateral side of coxal bone
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Abduct.

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Tibia
Action: Stabilizes femur on top of tibia when standing.

Rectus femoris

Origin: Above the hip joint
Insertion: Anterior iliac spine
Action: Extends knee and can flex hip.

Vastus muscles

Origin: Femur
Insertion: Patellar ligament
Action: Extends knee

Sartorius

Origin: Iliac spine (above hip joint)
Insertion: Tibia
Action: Flex hip and knee.

Biceps femoris

Origin: Ischial tuberosity (long)
Insertion: Fibula head
Action: Flex knee, extends hip.

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia
Action: Flex knee, extend hip.

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia
Action: Flex knee, extend hip

Adductors (longus, brevis, magnus)

Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Back of femur
Action: Adduct thigh.

Tibialis anterior

Action: Extends digits.

Fibularis brevis

Origin: Lateral side of the tibia
Insertion: 5th metatarsal
Action: Evert.

Fibularis longus

Origin: Lateral side of the tibia
Insertion: 1st metatarsal
Action: Evert.

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Condyles of femur
Insertion: Tendon of calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes the foot and can flex knee.

Plantaris

Origin: Femur
Insertion: Tendon of calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes the foot and can flex knee.

Soleus

Origin: Fibula and tibia
Insertion: Calcaneus tendon
Action: Plantar flex foot.

Flexor digitorum

Origin: Tibia
Insertion: Distal phalanx 2-5
Action: Flex toes.