Food science science study guide

How is surface water and ground water different?

Surface water is found on the surface of the earth, such as rivers and lakes, while ground water is located underground in aquifers.

Where surface water source does Gwinnett County use for the residents drinking water?

Gwinnett County primarily uses Lake Lanier as a surface water source for drinking water.

Which government agency regulates our water supply?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates public water supply systems.

Which government agency regulates bottled water?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates bottled water.

How are hydronium and hydrogen ions alike?

Both hydronium (H3O+) and hydrogen ions (H+) are positively charged ions related to acidity in solutions.

What is a hydroxide ion?

A hydroxide ion (OH-) is a negatively charged ion that is formed when a base dissolves in water.

Name 4 characteristics of acids.

1. Sour taste, 2. Conduct electricity, 3. React with metals to produce hydrogen gas, 4. Turn blue litmus paper red.

Name 4 characteristics of bases.

1. Bitter taste, 2. Slippery feel, 3. Conduct electricity, 4. Turn red litmus paper blue.

Which contains more H+ ions? Acid or base?

Acids contain more H+ ions than bases.

Which contains hydroxide ions? Acid or base?

Bases contain hydroxide ions (OH-).

Which feels slippery to the touch?

Bases feel slippery to the touch.

Which has a sour taste?

Acids have a sour taste.

What pH range is associated with acids and bases?

Acids have a pH less than 7, while bases have a pH greater than 7.

What is the boiling and freezing point of water in Fahrenheit?

The boiling point of water is 212°F and the freezing point is 32°F.

What is the range for water activity?

Water activity ranges from 0 to 1, indicating the availability of water for microbial growth; lower values indicate less available water.

Define polar covalent bond.

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in a molecule with a slight electrical dipole moment.

What type of covalent bond does water have? Polar or nonpolar?

Water has a polar covalent bond.

Why is water considered the universal solvent?

Water is considered the universal solvent because it can dissolve a wide variety of substances due to its polar nature.

How does the polarity of water relate to it being considered the universal solvent?

The polarity of water allows it to interact with and surround various solutes, effectively breaking them apart and dissolving them.