Diseases that dysregulate the homiestasis

multiple sclerosis

autoimmune

attacks myelin sheaths on axons in CNS (Ach receptors)

T cells cross BBB

Lambert Eaton Syndrome

autoimmune disorder

attacks connections between nerves and muscles (Ca channels)

muscles are weak

encephalitis

inflammation of the brain due to infections

chronic meningitis

autoimmune

breakdown of BBB

abnormally high levels of cytokines and immune cells

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

motor neuron death

BBB damage

proinflammatory environment

brain tumor

its a tumor dumbo

latent maternal infection and schizophrenia

LMI is caused by a parasite

schizophrenia is caused by lowered NMDA receptors, and therefore lower GABA and Ca influx

guillan barre syndrome

autoimmune

myelin sheath and axon destroyed

only in peripheral nerves

stroke

ischemic (blocked blood vessels, shows up dark, excitotoxic) and hemorrhagic (broken blood vessels, shows up bright, iron)

persistent maternal infection and autism

autism can be caused by:

• maternal infection

• proinflammatory mediators and cytokines

• fever

• prolonged labor

• increased immunoglobin G

  • genetics

rasmussens encephalitis

immune infiltrates the brain BUT ONLY ONE HEMISPHERE

leads to seizers

neuroinflammation

stiff person syndrome

CELINE DION

autoimmune

lower gaba equals lower muscle relaxation = stiff muscles

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune disorder

antibodies block ach at the NMJ

acute disseminated encephalitis

brief, severe neuroinflammation

occurs once and usually not again

anxiety

GABA dysregulation

increased BBB permeability

symptoms of GI dysbiosis

Parkinsons disease

dysbiosis in the gut and also inflammation

motor and non motor symptoms

can perform fecal transplantation as treatment

irritable bowel syndrome

causes dysregulation of serotonin

some differences in brain-gut structures

autism

more likely from a C section

dysbiosis of gut microbiota, change in serotonin levels

chronic antibiotic use is correlated

anorexia

dysbiosis equals cycle of not good things

constipation

improper microbial balance

impaired peristalsis

sleep disorders

gut dysbiosis

serotonin dysregulation

celiac disease

autoimmune

T cells are activated in presence of gluten, and then they attack, but they just erode the fun little guys and make the gut no good

crohns disease

autoimmune

inflammation throughout the GI, proinflammatory cytokines

fecal transplantation??

obesity

vagus nerve

dysregulation in hormones when eating

fecal transplantation!!

cerebrovascular disease

higher bad bacteria

neuronal death and hyperactive microglia

fecal transplantation!

depression

healthy gut equals healthy mind

serotonin transporting is not good

GERD

LES relaxation, stuff in stomach goes back to the esophagus

stimulation of stretch receptors might help?

improper neuronal signaling

functional dyspepsia

stomach ache

sensory and motor dysfunction

may be caused by helicobacter pylori bacterial infection

functional dysphagia

feels like food is stuck in throat

oversensitive esophagus, improper neuronal signaling

lewy body dementia

abnormal clumps of protein in brain nerve cells, like alpha synuclein

loss of ach and dopamine neurons could cause

common treatments could be:

• serotonin antagonist drugs

• sleeping medications

• anti-psychotics

spinal muscular atrophy

kills specialized nerve cells in CNS

due to mutated or missing gene SMN1, causes lower SMN levels

age related macular degeneration

retinal disease

caused by oxidative stress, inflammatory cells

friederich’s ataxia

inherited, causes nerve fibers in spinal cord and periphery to degenerate

autosomal recessive, caused by FXN gene

iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis is impacted

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

PNRP gene misfolds PrP

amyloid formation

chronic demyelination

huntington’s disease

loss of neurons

HHT gene affected

damage to brain, basal ganglia

aggregation of proteins in the brain

genetically inherited

nervous system cancers

glioblastoma

genetic

caused by p53, growth signaling, retinoblastoma

prions disease

misfolding of PrPc to PrPsc bc of PRNP

causes brain inflammation, neuron death, and lower synapses

Presbycusis

bilateral hearing loss

loss of ATPase pumps

because of ROS levels

basement membrane thickens of ear

Creutzfeldt Jacob’s Disease

PRNP deposits more proteins

types are:

• genetic

• sporadic

• lactogenic

mild cognitive impairment

amnestic vs non amnestic

accumulation of amyloid beta, precursor disease to alzheimers

neurodegeneration and synaptic loss