Fiqh Of Fasting Abu Shuja

What is the Arabic word for fasting?

Sawm

What does the Arabic word for fasting mean linguistically?

Abstention

What does the Arabic word for fasting mean islamically/technically?

1. Refraining from invalidators of fasting

2. With intention

3. During daylight hours

4. By a Muslim of sound mind free from menstruation or postnatal bleeding

Which hadith mentions fasting as one of the five pillars of Islam?

Sahih al-Bukhari 8

Sahih Muslim 16c

The hadith of five pillars

What is the Quranic evidence that fasting was also prescribed for previous

nations?

O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqûn (the pious)

2:183

List the three integrals (essential components) of fasting.

1. Intention

2. Abstention from invalidators

3. The fasting person

What are the four conditions that make fasting in Ramadan obligatory?

• Islam

• Puberty

• Sanity

• Ability to fast

Explain why a non-Muslim is not required to fast.

They do not meet one of the conditions

Why are young children not obligated to fast?

They do not meet one of the conditions

At what stage is a child's fasting considered valid and praiseworthy?

The age at which parents should start to teach their children to fast is the age at which they are able to fast. Some scholars have defined this as being ten years of age.

Name three situations where a person is excused from fasting and must make it up later.

1. The pregnant and breastfeeding women, if they fear for themselves, they break the fast and must make it up.

2. If pregnant and breastfeeding women fear for their child, they break the fast, must make it up, and must pay expiation for each day, which is a mudd, equivalent to one and one-third Iraqi pounds.

3. The sick person and the traveler of a long journey break their fast and make it up later.

What are the conditions for a fast to be valid?

• Must be a Muslim

• Must have discernment

• Free from menstruation/postnatal bleeding

• Must be a day when fasting is valid

Why is fasting on Eid days considered invalid and unlawful?

Sheikh Ibn `Uthaymeen said:

The wisdom of not offering fast on the day of Eid is that the day of Eid Al-Fitr is the day of breaking the fast from Ramadan, and Ramadan cannot be specified [singled out] except by breaking the fast [not fasting] on the day of Eid.

If a person is in a state of ritual impurity (requiring a purificatory shower), does this affect their fast?

Being in a state of major ritual impurity (janaba) does not invalidate one's fast.

Why must a separate intention be made for each day of fasting in Ramadan?

In the Shafii maddhab, each day's fast is classified as an independent act of worship.

What is the difference between making an intention for an obligatory fast and a voluntary fast?

Obligatory fasts (Ramadan) require a separate intention each night. Voluntary fasts can be intended any time before noon, as long as nothing invalidates it.

List three actions that invalidate the fast.

1. Eating and drinking

2. Sexual intercourse

3. Inducing vomit

How many things invalidate the fast?

10

Does inserting something into the eye or skin break the fast? Why?

Anything intentionally reaching a body cavity invalidates the fast with the exception of substances introduced through the eyes or absorbed by the skin.

Name two body openings through which inserting something would break the fast.

1. Mouth

2. Nostrils

3. Ears

4. Urethra

5. Vagina

6. Anus.

Does vomiting unintentionally break the fast?

No

What happens if a woman starts her period while fasting?

If period starts during fasting, the fast is invalid, must make it up.

What is the best thing to break the fast with?

Preferably with dates or water

What is the supplication recommended when breaking the fast?

Allaahumma laka sumtu wa alaa rizqika aftartu

or

Dhahaba al-ddhama' wa ibtallati al-'urooq wa thabata al-ajru in sha' Allah

When should one eat the pre-dawn meal (suhoor)?

As close to dawn as possible.

Is repulsive speech allowed while fasting?

it is recommended to avoid it

Name the five days on which fasting is forbidden.

• The two Eid days

• The three days of Tashreeq (11th, 12th, 13th of Dhul-Hijjah)

What is the "Day of Doubt"?

29th Sha'ban

Is it permissible to fast on the Day of Doubt?

It is disliked to fast on the day of doubt unless it coincides with one's habit or is connected to the previous days.

If someone has intentional intercourse during Ramadan, what must they do?

The fast must be made up

What is the expiation (kaffarah) for breaking the fast through intercourse?

• Freeing a slave (if applicable).

• If not possible, fasting two consecutive months.

• If not possible, feeding 60 poor people.

What should an elderly person who cannot fast do instead?

Must feed a poor person per missed day

If a pregnant woman breaks her fast out of fear for her baby, what must she do?

make it up + feed one person per day

What are the two conditions for a valid spiritual retreat?

• Intention

• Staying in the mosque

What is the minimum duration for I'tikaf?

What action invalidates a spiritual retreat?

• Leaving for no valid reason

• Menstruation or illness

• Sexual intercourse

When is I'tikaf most recommended?

in Ramadan, and even more so in the last ten nights

Can someone leave their I'tikaf for necessary human needs?

One does not leave from the vowed I'tikaf except for human necessity or an excuse like menstruation or illness that prevents staying.