Chemical reaction
transformation of a substance or substances into one or more new substances
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes.
Law of Definite Proportions
The fact that a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound
Law of Multiple Proportions
If two or more different compounds are composed of the same elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers
Dalton's Atomic Theory Rule 1
All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
Dalton's Atomic Theory Rule 2
Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties
Dalton's Atomic Theory Rule 3
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed
Dalton's Atomic Theory Rule 4
Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
Dalton's Atomic Theory Rule 5
In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged
Atom
Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element
Nucleus
a very small region located at the center of the atom; and is made up of a proton and neutrons
Electrons
Surrounds the nucleus is a region occupied by negatively charged particles -1
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom (0)
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom +1
Mass of Electron
9.109x10^31
Mass of Proton
1.673x10^-27
Mass of Neutron
1.675x10^-27
Nuclear forces
Are short range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces hold the nuclear particles together
Atomic number
Number of protons of each atom of that element
protium, deuterium, tritium
3 types of hydrogen atoms
Protium
Nucleus of this atom consists of one proton and one electron moving about it
Deuterium
Each of this type of atom consists of a nucleus with one proton and one neutron
Tritium
Consists of one proton, two neutrons, and one electron
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different masses
Mass number
Total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope
1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
1 amu =
About 1 amu
Hydrogen 1 atomic mass
Average atomic mass
Weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element
Mole
The amount of a substance that contains as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
Avogadro's number
6.022x10^23
Molar mass
the mass of one mole of a pure substance
Plank's constant
6.026x10^-34
Atomic mass= protons+neutrons
Atomic mass formula