1.2 Political Ideology

Ideology

A set of beliefs and values that shape a person’s views, usually relating to the role of government.

Two-party system

A political system in which two major parties dominate, such as in the United States, in contrast to a multi-party system.

Classical liberalism

A political ideology of the 18th Century that advocates for a limited role of government and views government as a chief threat to liberty.

Modern liberalism

A 20th-century ideology that supports an expanded role of government primarily in economic issues.

Neoliberals

Political actors who are less likely to rely on government solutions than New Deal liberals, advocating for a reduced role of government.

Conservatism

A political ideology that favors tradition and a return to classical liberal principles, emphasizing less reliance on government.

Neoconservatives

A faction within conservatism that emphasizes traditional social policies and market-driven economic solutions.

Libertarianism

A political philosophy that emphasizes extreme individual liberty and a minimal role for government.

Compassionate conservatism

A moderate approach to conservatism that seeks to address social issues with a less aggressive government role.