csds 115 exam 4 Unit 6 Older teens and adults; Advanced Stuttering

Older teens and adults; Advanced stuttering; Core Behaviors

Blocks/broken words (longer, tenser), Repetitions and prolongations

Older teens and adults; Advanced stuttering; Secondary Behaviors

Escape behaviors/Avoidance behaviors

Older teens and adults; Advanced stuttering;Feelings & Attitudes

Fear/Embarrassment/Shame/Helpless/Inept when stuttering occurs

Underlying Processes

Increase in muscle tension and tempo/Operant conditioning/Avoidance conditioning/Cognitive learning

Explain the treatment approach for advanced stuttering, including

Treatment approach for advanced stuttering: reducing fear/learning to stutter easily/ exploring+changing stuttering/evaluate+reinforce own behaviors/maintaing improvement/other approaches

Reducing fear and learning to stutter more easily

Understand; Treatment takes a long time, is tailored, Increase approach behaviors + reducing avoidance/Speech-processing deficits continue after treatment/Measurements of progress + outcome are important

Exploring and changing stuttering

Understanding stutter/appraoching, exploring + changing stuttering in treatment room and outside treatment room

Understanding stuttering

Goal is to understand the stuttering better, beginning of desensitization

Approaching, exploring and changing stuttering in the treatment room

Goal is to continue the desensitization, beginning to learn to modify stutters

Approaching and exploring stuttering outside of the treatment room

Goal is continuing desensitization, learns to stay in the stutter and finishing the word with control

Evaluate and reinforce own behaviors

Observe behaviors/self-evaluate/self-reinforcement

Observe behaviors

Recording the stuttering and making notes on listener reactions

Self-evaluate

Evaluate the frequency and quality

Self-reinforcement

Reward self when a targeted goal is reached

Increasing approach behaviors

Reducing fear of listener reactions/Using feared words and entering feared situations

Reducing fear of listener reactions

Client talking to others about their stuttering

Maintaining improvement

Becoming your own clinician/Establishing long-term fluency goals

Becoming your own clinician

Overcome remaining difficult speaking situations and any new ones that arise/Eliminate avoidance of words+situations

Establishing long-term fluency goals

Spontaneous fluency/High-quality stuttering/Acceptable stuttering

OTHER TREATMENT APPROACHES

Camperdown Program (O'Brian, Onslow, Cream, and Packerman, 2003): Prolonged speech treatment, but requires less treatment time

Avoidance Reduction Therapy (Sisskin, 2018)

Stutter opening without holding their stutter back or feel ashamed of it

Pharmacological Approaches

Research ongoing/Not proven to be any more effective than traditional treatments

Treatment groups

Practice conversational speech/Research has shown percent syllables stuttered decreased

Support groups

Freely share their feelings/Develop connections with others who stutter/Opportunity for maintenance

ASSISTIVE DEVICES

Define delayed auditory feedback (DAF)

Longest history as a treatment procedure/Method to delay a speaker's feedback through headphones with mechanically varied delay

Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) misc

Speech Easy is a variation of DAF, also includes Frequency Altered Feedback (FAF)/Lee, 1950, first reported the effect of DAF/ Delay of .2 seconds is effective /In stuttering speakers, disfluencies decrease and syllables are prolonged