Russia Midterm Essay questions

Soviet Union’s political system

One-party Communist rule, centralized power, repression (KGB, show trials).

Main flaw of the planned economy

Inefficiency, shortages, poor quality goods, corruption.

Glasnost

Gorbachev’s policy of openness, allowing criticism of the government.

Perestroika

Gorbachev’s economic reforms to introduce market elements.

Shock Therapy

Rapid transition to capitalism, leading to hyperinflation and poverty.

1993 Constitutional Crisis

Yeltsin dissolved parliament; military intervened, new constitution created a strong presidency.

Oligarchs

Wealthy businessmen who acquired state assets during privatization.

1998 financial crisis impact

Economic collapse, default on debt, widespread poverty.

How does Putin maintain power?

Media control, repression of opposition, nationalist propaganda.

Personalist Autocracy

A system where power is concentrated in one leader without real checks.

Putin's use of historical memory

Glorifies WWII, promotes patriotism, suppresses alternative narratives.

2014 Euromaidan protests cause

Ukraine’s president rejected an EU deal, favoring Russia, sparking mass protests.

Reason for Russia's annexation of Crimea

Claimed historical ties, protecting Russian speakers, securing the Black Sea base.

2022 invasion failure

Strong Ukrainian resistance, poor planning, Western aid to Ukraine.

War's effect on Russia domestically

Censorship, repression, economic decline, conscription of soldiers.