2+3) Hypothesis Testing, Confidence Intervals and P-Values and Statistical Tests

What test is used for parametrically testing 3+ means

ANOVA

Which of the following best defines a discrete variable?

A variable that can only take distinct, separate values

What is the correct definition of a continuous variable?

A variable that can take on any value within a range, including decimals

How is an ordinal variable best defined?

A variable where values are ranked but intervals are unequal

What defines a nominal variable?

A variable that labels categories with no logical order

Which of the following represents the correct formula for the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)?

SEM = Standard Deviation / √Sample Size

Which scenario is most appropriate for using an independent samples t-test?

Comparing exam scores of two unrelated student groups taught by different instructors

In which situation would a paired samples t-test be the most appropriate choice?

Comparing anxiety levels before and after therapy in the same participants

When should a one-sample t-test be used instead of other types of t-tests?

When assessing whether a sample mean differs from a known population mean

In which of the following scenarios would a one-way ANOVA be most appropriate?

Comparing the effectiveness of three different diets on weight loss among separate groups

In which of the following scenarios is Pearson's r correlation most appropriate?

Measuring the association between exam scores and number of study hours in a sample of students

In which scenario is using a Z-test most appropriate?

Comparing the mean blood pressure of a sample to a known population mean with known population standard deviation

What is the fundamental basis of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test?

Ranking the differences between paired observations and analyzing their signs

What is the fundamental basis of the Mann-Whitney U test?

Comparing the ranks of values between two independent groups to assess differences

What does the Kruskal-Wallis test do?

Ranks data from low to high and compares ranks across more than two independent groups

The Kruskal-Wallis test is the non-parametric equivalent of which test?

One-way ANOVA

What is the main use of Friedman's test?

Analyzing ranked data from more than two related groups

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient measures:

The strength of a monotonic association between two variables