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Jose Rizal
 The Indolence of the Filipino
La Solidaridad
Indolence of Filipino: Originally published in "____" in five installments from July 15 to September 15, 1890.
La Indolencia de los Filipinos
part of Rizal’s educational campaign, aiming to awaken Filipinos to their faults and criticize Spain’s colonial system; suggests that early discontent stemmed from a misunderstanding of Filipinos' capabilities, emphasizing political inexperience rather than racial inferiority.
American
____ administration in the Philippines mirrors Spanish colonial history, with some Americans seen as less credible representatives.
Dr. Sancianco
_____, in his work Progreso de Filipinas, asserts that Filipino indolence does not exist and is a baseless claim, supported by Spanish authorities' reports.
Indolence
has been misinterpreted to mean a lack of love for work and energy.
negative stereotype
The misuse of indolence has led to the perpetuation of a _________, akin to how superstitions blamed the devil for unexplainable phenomena in the Middle Ages.
Climate
____ is a significant factor: hot climates naturally encourage rest and quiet, while cold climates incite labor and action.
Europeans
____ in tropical countries often lead lives of leisure, contradicting their criticisms of the local population.
Mismanagement
is the true cause of indolence, not an inherent trait of the people.
tropical countries
Europeans often avoid strenuous labor in _____, instead living comfortably with numerous servants, contradicting their criticisms of local indolence.
The active European, after a season of hard work, takes a break during the summer, just as the Filipino might need to rest due to continuous heat.
Chinaman
hardworking ___ in the Philippines engages mainly in trade, rarely in agriculture, indicating the climate's impact on labor choices.
treatment system
the patient’s debility is the cause or effect of prolonged bad treatment. Patient blames the ____.
symptoms
As the situation worsens, responsibility is dodged, and ___ are treated rather than causes.
malady
referred to as indolence
new elements
combat indolence
Christianity and colonial governance
Observations by modern travelers on the decline in native industriousness.
Questioning if the imposition of ____ contributed to the decline.
Global Human Nature
Acknowledgment that all humans have a natural inclination toward avoiding hard work.
Examples from other cultures to illustrate universal tendencies toward leisure
Re-examination of Causes
Need for a deeper understanding of the historical and systemic causes of the change in Filipino industriousness.
Wars and internal conflicts
disrupted societal stability.
coercion and persuasion
The local population was subjected to control through both ____, leading to conflict and loss of skilled laborers. Insurrections and executions further diminished the workforce.
Limahong
The invasion by ____and continuous military engagements, aimed at defending Spanish interests and expanding their territories in regions like Borneo and Indo-China, led to a drain on the local labor force.
Mindanao and Sulu
 Persistent attacks from pirates, especially from____, severely affected the local population.
Dumangas
Depopulation: Examples like ___, where the population drastically decreased due to the demand for laborers for maritime expeditions, illustrate the severe impact on local demographics.
demand for labor
The continuous ____ in shipbuilding and warfare exhausted both human and natural resources, leading to a decline in agriculture and other local industries.
encomenderos
The exploitation by ___ (landholders) and corrupt practices within the administration led to economic stagnation and widespread discontent among the local population.
China and Mexico
The reliance on trade with ____, while beneficial to some, did not significantly contribute to local development. The export of goods like wax, gold, and cotton was minimal compared to the potential benefits.
Gaspar de San Agustin
noted a significant reduction in population due to natives being conscripted for expeditions.
Morga
___’s account of piratical invasions reaching Manila, causing fear and devastation.
Fernando de los Rios Coronel and Gaspar de San Agustin
____'s accounts of the severe labor conditions for natives cutting timber for shipbuilding.
Philip II
___'s reprimand to Bishop Salazar highlights various abuses leading to population reduction.
Friars
___' advisories to parishioners to stop work in mines and commerce further reduced industry.
Religious corporations
benefit from maintaining the natives in a state of ignorance and semi-starvation to ensure their own continued authority and relevance.
intellectual and moral development.
The colonial system, under the guise of religious and civilizing missions, has severely impacted native ___.
Religious indoctrination
emphasized reliance on miracles and rituals over practical efforts, further promoting laziness.
systemic oppression and lack of opportunities
The indolence of the Filipino people was not inherent but a result of _____ for growth and development.
colonial elite
___’s disdain for manual labor and the desire of natives to imitate them fostered aversion to work.
Mutual Influence
The government and people are interconnected. A corrupt government cannot thrive among righteous people, and vice versa.
Causes of indolence
Defects in Training: Inadequate and repressive education.
Lack of National Sentiment: Weak sense of national identity and unity.
Home and Educational Institutions
Limited training at home and oppressive education stifles ambition and encourages stagnation.
understanding
Lifelong indoctrination into religious practices without ____ fosters contradictions and paralyzes energy.
Colonial inferiority
Self-perception: Constant reinforcement of inferiority inhibits ambition.
External Validation: Reliance on foreign validation for identity and worth.
Cultural Trade-off
Exchanging local values for foreign practices leads to a loss of national identity.
Administrative inefficiency
The lack of cohesive opposition and initiative leads to administrative inefficiency and societal stagnation.