Chemistry Chapter 5: Covalent Bonding

Vocabulary Only

Covalent Bond

Electrons are shared between two atoms nonmetal + nonmetal

VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron pair repulsion

This determines the shape of a molecule

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Equal sharing of electrons

Two of the same nonmetals or an H-C bond

Polar Covalent Bond

Unequal sharing of electrons

Two different nonmetals

Polar Molecule

Polar bonds and not symmetrical

OR nonpolar bonds

Dispersion forces

Attractions between nonpolar molecules. They happen when nonpolar molecules become quickly and temporarily polar. Generally they are very quick attractions. The larger the electron cloud, the stronger the attraction.

Dipole-dipole force

Attraction between polar molecules

Hydrogen bonds

Attraction between an H that is attached to an N, O, or F in one molecule to an N, O, or F in a different molecule. (Same as a dipole-dipole force but stronger)

Resonance Structure

sets of Lewis structures that describe the delocalization of electrons in a polyatomic ion or a molecule.

Van der Waals Forces

Intermolecular forces (dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding)

Attractions between molecules

Molecular compound

composed of two or more nonmetal atoms that share electrons with one another in a covalent bond.

Unshared pair (lone pair)

a pair of electrons in an atom's outermost shell that are not shared with another atom

Formula Unit

the chemical formula for the smallest unit of a non-molecular substance, such as an ionic compound or a metal