Qualitative Research

What does qualitative research primarily collect and analyze?

Words, not numbers.

What is the main aim of qualitative research?

To understand the world from the participants' point of view, capturing their experiences and meanings.

What types of research questions are qualitative studies well-suited for?

‘How’ and ‘why’ questions.

What is a key feature of qualitative data collection methods?

They are open, in-depth, flexible, and responsive to participants and context.

What types of qualitative data collection methods are mentioned?

Observation, interviews, and focus groups.

What is participant observation in qualitative research?

The researcher immerses themselves in the social setting being studied.

What is the purpose of probing questions in interviews?

To elicit more detailed information and explore complex details.

What is a focus group?

A research method where interaction between respondents helps explore and clarify their views.

What are some strengths of focus groups?

They can highlight cultural values, include participants who hesitate to speak one-on-one, and encourage contributions from those who think they have nothing to say.

What is one of the limitations of conducting qualitative research through observation?

Observer bias may occur, as the researcher may see what they want to see.

What does purposive sampling refer to in qualitative research?

Deliberately selecting individuals that fulfill certain conditions.

What is the recommended size for qualitative sample sizes?

Typically less than 50 interviews or 6-12 focus groups.

What is meant by achieving saturation in qualitative research?

Sample until no new information or themes are observed in interviews or focus groups.

What skill is crucial for effective interviewing in qualitative research?

Active listening.

What is the role of the moderator in a focus group?

To facilitate discussion, ensure participation from everyone, and guide the session.

What are the ethical considerations when conducting focus groups?

Participants may become upset or want to leave, and confidentiality cannot always be guaranteed.

What kind of research questions should be avoided in qualitative studies?

‘How many?’ questions.

What is the primary difference between qualitative and quantitative sampling methods?

Qualitative sampling is often purposive and non-random, compared to the random sampling typically used in quantitative research.

What is the benefit of conducting phone or online interviews?

They are often more practical, cheaper, and can help overcome participant reservations.

What key features should a topic guide have for conducting interviews?

Flexible, interactive, able to adapt questioning, and progress from general to specific questions.