ENTM 312 LEC 3

What factors influence population growth of plants?

Herbivores

Light

Water

True or false: herbivore populations are limited by weather

True

Weather can facilitate ____ population growth

Accelerated (either positive or negative)

What three things limit herbivore population?

Weather

Interspecific competition

Predation

Tropic cascade

One tropic level indirectly affecting another not directly connected to it

Do factors other than predation influence herbivore realized niche?

Yes

What is amygdalin?

A cyanogenic glycoside

What does amygdalin turn into when metabolized?

Cyanide

What does amygdalin turned to cyanide inhibit?

Oxidative phosphorylation and the formation of ATP

What kind of toxin is ox alic acid?

Nephrotoxic - harmful to kidneys

What do anthraquinone glycosides do in small doses?

It is a laxative, antioxidant, and is anti-inflamonatory

What do anthraquinone glycosides do in large doses?

It can cause cramping, nausea, fluid imbalance, and colon disruption

What does solanine inhibit?

Cholinesterase activity - important for nerve function and muscle control

What is solanine found in?

Potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants

Opioid receptors are coupled with what?

G protein receptors

What do opioids do?

Reduce neuronal cell excitability and transmition of nociceptive impulses

What are pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

Secondary metabolites produced by some plants in chemical defense

What lepidopterans sequester pyrolizidine alkaloids?

Tiger moths and danaid butterflies

True or false: insects have counter adapted to many plant defenses

True

How does Manduca sexta tolerate nicotine?

Through metabolism and excretion

Manduca sexta

Tobacco hornworm

Chrysomela scripta

Cottonwood leaf beetle

What do Chrysomela scripta sequester from its just tree?

Salicnoids

What species excretes scent droplets that smell sweet but are bitter after sequestering salicnoids?

Chrysomela scripta