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City State

Small sovereign state made up of a city and surrounding area

City State examples

Vatican City, Singapore, Monaco

Nation

Group of people who share common cultural heritage and express self determination

Nation examples

Basque Nation (In Spain, have own lang, customs)

Nation-state

Nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state

Nation-state example

Japan (Japanease 99% w national identity)

Multinational State

 State that contains more than one nation

Multinational State example

USA

Autonomous Region

 Defined area within state w high self-government and freedom

Autonomous Region example

Aland (belongs to Finland but most people are Swedish and granted autonomy economically and politically).

Why are autonomous regions a thing?

Improves administrative efficiency and prevents separatist movements

Stateless Nation

Cultural groups that have no independent political entity of their own

Stateless Nation example

Kurds in Kurdistan (Turkey, Iraq, Syria).

Multi-State Nations

 A nation has a state of its own but stretches across the borders of other states.

Multi-State Nations example

 Korean divided between two states (N/S Korea) and China and US

Defined Boundary

Established by legal document that divides entities

Defined Boundary example

Treaty of Versailles (changed boundaries of world map after WWl)

Delimited boundary

Drawn on map to show limits

Demarcated boundary

 Identified by physical objects placed on landscape

Demarcated boundary example

Signs, fences, walls

Administered boundary

Enforced by government using laws, immigration, and prosecution

Natural boundaries

Based on natural physical features that separate entities

Natural boundaries examples

the Rio Grande River between US and Mexico

Geometric boundaries

Straight line that does not account for natural features 

Geometric boundaries example

Division between Indonesia/Papua New Guinea on island of New Guinea

Antecedent boundary

 Drawn before a large population was present

Antecedent boundary example

US/Canada border on the 49th parallel

Subsequent boundary

Accommodates religious, ethnic, linguistic differences

Subsequent boundary example

India/Pakistan boundary (accommodates religious difference)

Relic boundary

No longer functions but evidence of it exists on landscape

Superimposed boundary

 Drawn by outside powers

Definitional

Interpretation (Argentina/Chile)

Locational

Where should boundary be located (India/Pakistan/Kashmir)

Operational

How boundary should function (US/Mexico)

Allocational

Boundary separated natural resources (the Arctic)