Chapter 19
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23 Terms
Aorta
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs between blood and tissues.
Systemic Circulation
The pathway in which oxygenated blood is distributed to body tissues and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart.
Coronary Sinus
A large vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and returns it to the right atrium.
Superior Vena Cava
A major vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.
Inferior Vena Cava
A major vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.
Arterioles
Small arteries that lead to capillaries.
Venules
Small veins that receive blood from capillaries.
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood ejected by the heart at each contraction.
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.
Baroreceptors
Pressure-sensitive receptors that help regulate blood pressure.
Capacitance Vessels
Veins that can expand to hold a larger volume of blood.
Atherosclerosis
A condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
A hormone that helps regulate water balance by reducing urine formation.
Angiotensin II
A hormone that increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
A hormone released by the heart that promotes the excretion of sodium and water to reduce blood pressure.
Tunica Intima
The innermost layer of a blood vessel, made of endothelial cells.
Tunica Media
The middle layer of a blood vessel, primarily composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
Tunica Externa
The outer layer of a blood vessel, providing structural support and protection.
Pulmonary Circulation
The circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs.
Lymphatic System
A network that drains lymph fluid from tissues and returns it to the blood circulation.