Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands

brain

The most reproductive organ is the …., specifically the hypothalamus which is at the base of the brain in all mammalian species 

pelvic

The reproductive system is divided into the cranial region and the …. region

brain

The cranial region is in the … 

Pelvic region

The …. is involved with gonads, ovaries or testis or the tube system 

hypothalamus

The …. is made up of a surge center and a tonic center 

neurons

The reason why we have different regions is because the hypothalamus is made up of …. and those …. are going to pulse when they send out signals 

tonic

So we have …. and surge pulses

pituitary gland

Right underneath the hypothalamus, is the ….

Anterior lobe/pituitary and posterior lobe/pituitary

The pituitary gland is divided by two lobes

sphenoid bone

What protects the organ is the ….

cavity

The sphenoid bone at the base of the brain is a highly vascular bone so the products that are released from the hypothalamus or from the pituitary gland are able to then go out of the pituitary gland through a …. that surrounds the gland 

Turkish saddle

The cavity is called the …..

Hormones

…. would be leaving the pituitary gland into the Turkish saddle then through the sphenoid bone

narrow

From the frontal view, the organ is …

third ventricle

We use sheep as a motto for understanding the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland because the hypothalamus is divisors in half by the …

split

So if the brain is …. in half, it’s divided by the third ventricle

hypothalamus

The organ is a key regulator in a lot of life functions

neurohormones

The hypothalamus contains neurons and these neurons would be secretory cells that would secrete ….. These are chemical signals that are coming specifically from the hypothalamus

translator

The hypothalamus is the main body …. meaning that everything that the body perceives is sent down through to the hypothalamus 

reproduction

It also receives hormonal signals from across the body, this is important because it helps regulate …. 

signals

The hypothalamus also receives hormonal …. from across the body which would then be processed through it

pulse generator

The hypothalamus responds as a …. because it has 2 different pulsing regions 

thermostat

The hypothalamus also acts as a …. to maintain homeostasis 

Tonic pulses

…. occurs in a relatively low frequency or a high frequency in the case of the surge center 

menstrual cycle

The differences between it is the …..

changes

There are …. in hormone production throughout the menstrual cycle 

Ovulation

…. occurs about day 14 (primary menstrual cycle)

luteinizing hormone

From a pulse standpoint measuring the hormones follicle stimulating hormone and ….. (LH) is what would cause ovulation to occur

start

At the …. of the menstrual cycle, the pulses are fairly tonic and occurring at a nice regular pace

ovary

On day 8 or 10, the frequency of the pulses start to increase and consistent and eventually would produce a surge in luteinizing hormone which would cause the … to ovulate

normal

After ovulation, it takes a bit of time for the pulses to return back to the … pace 

tonic frequency 

At the end of the menstrual cycle, the pulses are returning to normal ….

short neurons 

The hypothalamus is a composite of ….

Median eminence area

The short neurons would terminate in the …..

Infudibular stock

The …. is what helps connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands. It also carries long neurons 

primary portal plexus

The short neurons would terminate into the capillary network called the ….

median eminence area

The primary portal plexus and the infudibular stock would make up the section called …

anterior pituitary 

The short neurons would target the primary portal plexus to carry the blood down to the …

posterior pituitary

The long neurons would go from the hypothalamus and terminate into the posterior pituitary 

direct connections

The hypothalamus has 2 different types of connections the first type is ….. via the infundibular stock to the posterior pituitary gland. This is where hormones that are produced and then carry down by the neuron that is terminated in the posterior pituitary gland. Then the gland would release the hormone 

storage unit

This indicates that the posterior pituitary gland is just a ….

stimulus

These neurons originate in the hypothalamus and travel down through the infundibular stalk and then terminate into the posterior pituitary gland so when there is a …. of certain hormones, it stimulates the hypothalamus to cause the release of specific hormones

indirect connection

The hypothalamus also have an ….. to the anterior pituitary gland where there are short neurons and them terminating into the primary portal plexus

capillary network

So the hypothalamus is going to release a hormone into the primary portal plexus and it would then be carried via the …. to the anterior pituitary which it would then cause a reaction where specialized cells in the anterior pituitary would be stimulated in order to produce another hormone that would then be released from the anterior pituitary

endocrine gland 

The anterior pituitary is an ….

vascularity

So much …. occurs in the median eminence

front

The anterior pituitary is located in the … of the posterior pituitary

epithelial cells

The anterior pituitary originates from some of the …. in the mouth through embryonic development 

glandular tissue

The anterior pituitary is made up of …. which gives it the ability to store the hormones and synthesize it or produce it

indirection

The anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus through … so it has to go though the primary portal plexus 

secrete

The anterior pituitary would …. specific types of hormones 

Tropes

A cell that produces hormones 

clusters of cells

If we take a section of the anterior pituitary gland, we would see … which our secrete similar types of hormones 

stimulators

The anterior pituitary would release …. hormones 

Gonadotropes

…. are tropes in the anterior pituitary gland that would stimulate the gonads by secreting gonadotropins 

feedback

There is going to be a lot of …. and regulation in order to maintain the body’s homeostasis

hypothalamic pituitary axis

The connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is the ….

pituitary gonadal axis 

The connection between the pituitary glands and the gonads is the ….

disconnect

If we … the brain, we can shut down all reproductive function being good or bad 

Cranial region

– Hypothalamus – Pituitary Gland

Pelvic region

Gonads – Tube system

Hypothalamus

Contains Neurosecretory cells & produces neurohormones

Translator (Sensory – Hormonal), pulse generator (Tonic & Surge centers), and thermostat

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

Neurons

The hypothalamus has direct connection via …

Posterior pituitary

Extension of hypothalamus via infundibular stalk

Neural tissue

The posterior pituitary is made up of …

primary portal plexus (blood vessels)

The hypothalamus has indirect connection via …

hormone storage

The posterior pituitary is the site of …. not synthesis

Primary Portal Plexus

Posterior pituitary: Indirect connection via ….

Anterior pituitary

Located above roof of mouth & below hypothalamus

Glandular tissue

The anterior pituitary is made up of ….

no direct

The anterior pituitary has … connection to hypothalamus. Blood supply from hypophyseal portal system

hormone synthesis

The anterior pituitary is a site of …..

Tropes

Hormone producing cells

Somatropes

Secrete Somatotropin

Adrenotropes

Secrete Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Thyrotropes

Secrete Thyroid stimulating hormone

Gonadotropes

Secrete Gonadotropins

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Pituitary- Gonadal Axis

Pituitary gland and gonads